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0:00
My name is Dr. Ed Boyko,
and I'll be talking today
on the subject of Type 2 diabetes.
I'm a professor at the
University of Washington School
of Medicine in Seattle,
Washington USA.
0:14
I'll cover a number
of aspects of Type
2 diabetes, as shown
in this outline slide.
I'll mainly focus
on the epidemiology
and pathophysiology
of Type 2 diabetes.
I'll talk about ethnic
differences in diabetes risk,
and also with regard to body
composition, a risk factor
for diabetes, and I'll
talk about efforts
at prevention of Type 2 diabetes.
And I will not be talking about
the prevention of Type 1 diabetes.
I also will not be covering
the treatment of Types 1
or 2 diabetes, or
diabetic complications.
0:53
There are multiple diabetes types.
Type 1 diabetes is
mainly characterized
by a deficiency in the
production of insulin.
Type 2 diabetes is characterized
by impaired action of insulin
and relatively deficient
insulin secretion.
Type 1.5 diabetes
shares characteristics
of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
There are immune markers present
and also characteristic impaired
action of insulin.
Secondary diabetes is
due to other causes,
such as chronic pancreatitis
from alcohol or other reasons,
which results in impaired
insulin secretion,
or because of the administration
of a medication such as prednisone
or another corticosteroid, which
results in impaired action
of insulin because of increased
resistance to its action,
MODY, or Maturity
Onset Diabetes of Youth
is a hereditary form of
diabetes due to a mutation
in autosomal dominant genes.
The mutation results in defects
in insulin secretion or release.
It's referred to as monogenic
diabetes to distinguish it
from Types 1 and 2 diabetes,
which are polygenic,
and also of environmental origin.
Type 2 diabetes has
become much more frequent
in prevalence over
the past 30 years.
The epidemiology of Type 2 diabetes
is shown on the next slide.
