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1. Introduction
2. The existing dogma
3. Our working paradigm
4. Protective autoimmunity
5. The CNS immune enigma
6. CNS response to injury
7. A matter of interpretation
8. Recruitment of macrophages is insufficient
9. Site, dose, timing for macrophage implantation
10. Emerging questions
11. Local and systemic immune response
12. Circulating T cells are needed for recovery
13. Protective autoimmunity vs. autoimmune disease
14. Key questions
15. The two faces of macrophages
16. Creation of chimeric mice with head protection
17. Macrophages play anti-inflammatory role
18. Transferred monocytes promote repair
19. The infiltrated macrophages are beneficial
20. T-cells boost monocyte recruitment
21. Macrophages resolve microglia response
22. Is the location of the macrophages important?
23. The glial scar regulates microglia / macrophages
24. CSPG production and degradation
25. CSPG and the IL-10 expressing monocytes
26. Loss of IL-10 in the absence of CSPG
27. Macrophages are 'educated' by the scar
28. Co-localization of macrophages with the glial scar
29. Location determines macrophage phenotype
30. Functional distinction between cells
31. Are macrophages involved in neuroprotection?
32. Macrophages and neuroprotection in the retina
33. Macrophages support cell survival in retina
34. Macrophages support progenitor cell renewal
35. Interim conclusions
36. Why monocyte recruitment is limited?
37. Type, phenotype, location, timing
38. Tissue repair is very demanding
39. Neurogenesis: highest manifestation of plasticity
40. CNS specific autoreactive T cells
41. Spatial memory
42. What is the immunological malfunction?
43. Immunity to self and self-maintenance
44. Local and systemic inflammation
45. Circulating cells fight local inflammation
46. Recruitment of monocytes in Alzheimer
47. Take home message (1)
48. Take home message (2)
49. From immune deficiency to brain malfunction
50. Immune cells are the nectar...
51. Acknowledgements
52. Financial support
53. Conclusions

Topics Covered

• The CNS immune enigma
• CNS response to injury
• Recruitment of macrophages is insufficient
• Site, dose, timing for macrophage implantation
• Local and systemic immune response
• Circulating T cells are needed for recovery
• Protective autoimmunity vs. autoimmune disease
• Two faces of macrophages
• Creation of chimeric mice with head protection
• Macrophages play anti-inflammatory role
• Transferred monocytes promote repair
• T-cells boost monocyte recruitment
• Macrophages resolve microglia response
• The glial scar regulates microglia / macrophages
• CSPG production and degradation
• CSPG and the IL-10 expressing monocytes
• Co-localization of macrophages with the glial scar
• Location determines macrophage phenotype
• Macrophages and neuroprotection in the retina
• Macrophages support progenitor cell renewal
• Monocyte recruitment is limited
• Type, phenotype, location, timing
• Neurogenesis: highest manifestation of plasticity
• CNS specific autoreactive T cells
• Spatial memory
• The immunological malfunction
• Immunity to self and self-maintenance
• Local and systemic inflammation
• Circulating cells fight local inflammation
• Recruitment of monocytes in Alzheimer
• From immune deficiency to brain malfunction

Links

Series:

• Macrophage Heterogeneity and Function

Categories:

• Immunology
• Neuroscience

Therapeutic Areas:

• Immunology & Inflammation
• Neurology

Talk Citation

Schwartz, M. (2013, January 30). A paradigm shift in the brain-immune relationships: infiltrating macrophages in central nervous system repair [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved April 15, 2025, from https://doi.org/10.69645/UVOG1702.
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Publication History

• Published on January 30, 2013

Financial Disclosures

• Prof. Michal Schwartz has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.