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1. Introduction
2. Innate immune receptors for malaria parasites
3. Malaria distribution in the world
4. Plasmodium life cycle
5. The malaria disease
6. Cytokines & septic shock-like syndrome in malaria
7. Anemia and RBC destruction
8. Adhesion of iRBCs to capillary
9. The three main events in pathogenesis of malaria
10. Malaria toxin hypothesis
11. The GPI anchor of plasmodium: "malaria toxin"
12. Malaria PAMPs
13. Hemozoin levels in circulating phagocytes
14. Hemozoin recognition by innate immune receptors
15. Innate immune response in Drosophila & humans
16. Innate immune recognition system
17. Phagocytized hemozoin and TLR9 in the lysosome
18. CpG & AT-rich ODN: different immune pathways
19. The inflammatory component of hemozoin is DNA
20. Malaria clinical research site in Brazil
21. Pro-inflammatory priming in malaria
22. Hyper-responsive malarial PBMCs to TLR agonists
23. Relation between malaria and bacteremia
24. TLR hyper-responsiveness in malaria: in vivo
25. Excessive pro-inflammatory response in malaria
26. Fever, inflammasome, caspase-1 and IL-1beta
27. Inflammatory cytokines during acute malaria
28. Inflammasome related genes in acute malaria
29. Jurg Tschopp (studying the inflammasome)
30. The NALP3 inflammasome
31. ASC oligomerization
32. ASC aggregation & caspase-1 during infection
33. Caspase-1 & inflammatory cell death in infection
34. Inflammasome components during infection
35. Caspase-1 activation: dependent on Nalp 3 & 12
36. IL-1 is a critical cytokine mediating lethality
37. Activation of innate immune receptors
38. Conclusions I
39. Targeting nucleic acid sensing-TLRs & malaria
40. AT7/9-2: inhibitor of nucleic acid sensing-TLRs
41. AT7/9 accumulates in the endosome
42. Assessment of DNA binding of TLR9 antagonist
43. Protective effect of the TLR9 antagonist in malaria
44. Conclusions II
45. Plasmodium parasite phagocytic cell activation
46. The innate immunity - a double edged sword
47. Acknowledgements

Topics Covered

• Malaria and Plasmodium parasites
• Innate immune receptors
• Plasmodium recognition by host innate immune receptors, and in particular by Toll-like Receptors (TLRs)
• Excessive activation of TLRs and pathogenesis of malaria inflammasome
• Caspase-1 induced inflammation and fever in malaria
• Use of a TLR antagonist to treat experimental cerebral malaria

Links

Series:

• Macrophage Heterogeneity and Function

Categories:

• Clinical Practice
• Immunology
• Microbiology

Therapeutic Areas:

• Immunology & Inflammation
• Infectious Diseases

Talk Citation

Gazzinelli, R. (2013, April 4). Innate immune receptors as mediators of systemic inflammation and pathogenesis of malaria [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved April 15, 2025, from https://doi.org/10.69645/EVVK2959.
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Publication History

• Published on April 4, 2013

Financial Disclosures

• Prof. Ricardo Gazzinelli has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.