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The following session will cover
immunological tolerance
and auto immunity
within the context
of this subject,
focusing on the concept of
immunological tolerance,
explaining how the immune
system distinguishes self
from non self to
prevent auto immunity.
We will explore
the mechanisms of
central and
peripheral tolerance,
including the roles of deletion,
energy and regulatory T cells
in maintaining immune balance.
The consequences of
failed tolerance,
such as auto immune diseases
will be discussed along with
emerging therapeutic
strategies aimed
at restoring immune tolerance.
Finally, we will highlight
the clinical significance and
future directions in
treating and preventing
autoimmunity.
Immunological tolerance is
the process by which our
immune system distinguishes
between self and non self,
allowing it to defend against
pathogens while avoiding
attacks on our own tissues.
This ability is vital.
Without tolerance,
the immune system
could destroy healthy tissues,
resulting in auto
immune disease.
Tolerance must be
actively maintained.
Self reactive lymphocytes are
rendered harmless by deletion,
inactivation, or
regulatory mechanisms.
If these fail, auto
immunity can arise,
as in type one diabetes
or rheumatoid arthritis.
Tolerance can be divided
into central and
peripheral forms.
Central tolerance occurs
during lymphocyte development
in the thymus for T cells
and in the bone
marrow for B cells,
where cells strongly
recognizing self antigens
are deleted or may become
regulatory T cells.
