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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Acute respiratory infections
- Factors influencing antibiotic resistance
- Penicillin (Pen) resistance as a factor of age
- Risk factors for Pen resistance
- Resistance may be affected by site of infection
- FQ use and PRSP in Canada
- FQ resistance in Hong Kong
- FQ resistance in children: Africa
- Urban vs. rural setting in antibiotic resistance
- Antimicrobial use as a risk factor
- Antibiotic use and resistance in pneumococcus
- Antibiotics and resistance: Belgium
- Model predicting dual resistance in USA
- The use of one antibiotic or more
- Azithromycin as a driver of multiple resistance
- Germany vs. France: use and resistance
- Percentages of Pen-sensitive and Pen-resistant
- Dose and duration effect resistance
- Cross reacting molecules
- Fansidar effect on cotrimoxazole resistance
- Other risk factors for resistance
- Spread of resistance within day care centers
- Seasonality in antibiotic use
- Seasonality in resistance
- Clonal spread of S. pneumoniae
- PMEN clones of Pen resistant S. pneumoniae
- Increase in FQ resistance in Hong Kong
- HIV as a risk factor for resistance
- Gender as a risk factor: Africa
- Mechanism of resistance as a factor
- Single base mutation can confer resistance
- Conjugate vaccine as a risk factor
- Competing selection
- Vaccine efficacy - resistance to antibiotics
- Vaccine and reduction in antibiotic use
- Vaccine effect on macrolide resistance
- Children less than two years of age
- Pen resistance - children over 2 and adults
- Full PEN resistance in N California - all ages
- Vaccine effect on Pen resistance
- Effect of PCV-7 on resistance
- Day care in Portugal
- Resistance to non PCV serotypes (1)
- Resistance to non PCV serotypes (2)
- Emergence of serotype 19A strain (1)
- Emergence of erm(B) and mef(A) in 19A
- Nine cases of AOM
- Emergence of serotype 19A strain (2)
- Emergence of serotype 19A strain in USA
- Serotype 19A and antimicrobial use
- 19A can emerge without PCV
- Diversity of 19A in the absence of PCV
- PCV and antibiotic use
- Conclusions
Topics Covered
- Antibiotic use as a driver of resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae at the country, provincial and individual level
- Drivers of multiple resistance
- Conjugate pneumococcal vaccine impact on antibiotic resistance in the pneumococcus
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Talk Citation
Klugman, K. (2022, April 12). Risk factors for antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 3, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/FZAV8952.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Keith Klugman has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
A selection of talks on Microbiology
Transcript
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0:00
This is a presentation by Professor Keith Klugman,
the William H. Foege Professor of Global Health at
the Rollins School of Public Health in Atlanta Georgia,
and I will be addressing you on this subject of
Risk Factors for Antibiotic Resistance in Streptococcus Pneumoniae.
The pneumococcus is important
0:20
because acute respiratory infections are the leading infectious cause of death.
Now, deaths from acute respiratory infections
is really a function of death from pneumonia,
and the pneumococcus is the leading pathogen that causes pneumonia.
Deaths from acute respiratory infections outnumber deaths from AIDS, TB, and Malaria,
and are characterized by an enormous burden of
mortality that is around two million deaths per year,
in both children and in adults.
1:03
There are a considerable number of factors
that select for antibiotic-resistant pneumococci,
and I will review all of these factors in the course of this presentation.
The first factor to consider is age.
1:23
Resistance to all of the major classes of anti-microbials used to treat
pneumococcal infections has emerged in
children with one important exception that I will come to later.
In this slide, we are reviewing the incidence of
penicillin-resistance in the pneumococcus, in Brazil.
And it is striking,
that the burden of
penicillin-resistant pneumococci is much higher in children less than five years of age,
in the upper bar,
than in those more than five years of age,
in the dotted line below.
One of the largest studies on risk factors for anti-microbial resistance in