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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Lecture outline
- History of the cholera disease
- Vibrio cholerae - epidemiology
- Zimbabwe cholera epidemic 2008
- V. cholerae and the cholera disease
- V. cholerae: classification
- Cholera pandemics
- Cholera - the disease
- Cholera mortality can be 80% if untreated
- Problem of IV rehydration
- International center for diarrheal disease research
- Cholera pediatric ward at the ICDDR,B
- "Cholera cot"
- Rice water cholera stool
- Highlights in the history of V. cholerae research
- Rabbit intestinal loop assay
- Cholera toxin: 10ug = 20L of diarrhea in volunteers
- Colonization of the upper intestine is intense
- TCP pili bundles required for intestinal colonization
- TCP mediates formation of microcolonies in vitro
- Adherence of V. cholerae to epithelial cells
- Cholera pathogenesis
- V. cholerae is at home in water
- Conclusions from comparative genomics
- The TCP island of V. cholerae
- Cholera toxin is encoded by a filamentous phage
- Structure of the CTX prophage
- Model for emergence of pathogenic V. cholerae
- Coordinate regulation of TCP and CT
- Construction of a V. cholerae microarray
- Profiling of V. cholerae in Bangladesh
- TCP and ToxT upregulated in vomitus samples
- Conclusions from clinical samples analysis
- "Quorum sensing" measures cell density
- Analyzing cholera epidemics
- Are there any small molecules useful as drugs?
- Screen for inhibitors of ctxA transcription
- Virstatin: effect on CT and TcpA production
- Virstatin in vitro
- Virstatin in vivo
- Virstatin - first inhibitor of microbial virulence
- A seasonal cholera epidemic in Bangladesh
- What influences the seasonality of cholera?
- Environmental phage and V. cholerae isolation
- Vibriophages prevalent in Dhaka city
- Vibriophages and V. cholerae in water samples
- Incidence of cholera and phage isolation
- Cholera incidence and phage isolation - summary
- Influence of phage on cholera epidemic seasonality
- Cholera epidemic emerged after a flood in Dhaka
- Dhaka epidemic - V. cholerae and phages
- Dhaka epidemic - presence of phages in stools
- Model for the role of phage in cholera seasonality
- Phenotypic differences between biotypes
- Conclusions
- Types of cholera vaccines
- Results of Peru 15 study in adults
- Peru 15 study in infants
- Summary of results in toddlers and infants
- Acknowledgements
Topics Covered
- Vibrio cholerae epidemiology and classification
- Vibrio cholerae and cholera
- Cholera mortality
- The history of V. cholerae research
- Cholera toxin and pathogenesis
- Comparative genomics
- The TCP Island of Vibrio cholerae
- Structure of the CTX prophage
- Vibrio cholerae microarray
- Clinical sample analysis
- Virstatin
- What influences the seasonality and epidemiology of cholera?
- Vibriophages
- Cholera incidence as a function of environmental phage isolation and concentration
- Phenotypic differences between biotypes
- Types of cholera vaccines
Links
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Talk Citation
Mekalanos, J. (2009, October 29). Cholera: a paradigm for understanding emergence, virulence and temporal patterns of disease [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved October 12, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/CDDX2764.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. John Mekalanos has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Cholera: a paradigm for understanding emergence, virulence and temporal patterns of disease
Published on October 29, 2009
57 min
A selection of talks on Infectious Diseases
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello. My name is
John Mekalanos.
I'm at Harvard Medical
School and have been
doing research on cholera
for nearly 30 years now
and today what I'd
like to do is present
a lecture on cholera
with the focus point
being the use of this
organism through
the years as a model
system for understanding
the emergence of bacterial
pathogens meaning by that
the process by which
an organism that
is not a pathogen becomes
a pathogen for humans.
The virulence mechanisms of
this particular
organism is again
a paradigm for understanding
virulence mechanisms in general
for pathogenic bacteria and
finally, some research
that I've been involved in
that has tried to understand
temporal patterns of disease.
This is an epidemic
disease capable of
global pandemics and through
the years the field has
noticed that cholera
epidemics come and go with
the seasonality and
the beginning and
ending of a cholera epidemic
is quite dramatic in
natural endemic areas, such
as Bangladesh and India.
I think we're starting to get
a better appreciation for
the factors that cause
seasonality and in particular
other factors that result in
cholera epidemics ending,
which is an exciting new
development in the field.
1:18
So, here's an outline of the
lecture I'll give today.
I'm going to touch briefly on
the history of the disease
and the nature of
the organism Vibrio cholerae,
the bacterial agent.
I'll talk a little bit
about the pathobiology of
the disease and then
focus in on the
molecular pathogenesis,
the factors that are
involved and actually
causing the disease that
the bacterium produces.
We'll spend some
time talking about
the genetic basis for virulence
that is the genetic elements
that encode these factors.
Then, finally, we'll
move to the issue of
the epidemiology of
cholera and the role of
bacteriophages of
bacterial viruses
in influencing the temporal
pattern of disease and
finally, I'll touch
upon immunity and
some progress that is being made
in vaccine development
for cholera.
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