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This overview addresses
immune mediated diseases
with particular emphasis on
the basic functions of
the immune system and how
immune mediated diseases arise
when self tolerance fails.
We will discuss the
classification,
underlying causes and
diverse presentations of
these diseases
highlighting the roles
of genetic and
environmental factors.
The importance of clinical
and laboratory diagnosis
will be reviewed along with
current and emerging
treatment strategies aimed at
controlling immune responses
and improving patient outcomes.
The immune system's
main role is to
protect the body
from infection and
maintain health
by distinguishing
self from non self and
eradicating invaders.
In immune mediated diseases
this process goes awry.
The immune system mistakenly
targets the body's own tissues
or harmless antigens triggering
an auto immune response.
Self reactive lymphocytes
attack normal components
leading to chronic inflammation
and a broad range of diseases.
This breakdown of self
tolerance is caused
by genetic and
environmental factors.
Immune mediated diseases are
classified by the mechanisms
of tissue damage.
Organ specific conditions like
Type 1 diabetes involve
selective destruction of
pancreatic beta cells.
Systemic diseases such as
systemic lupus erythematosus
feature immune responses
targeting multiple organs.
Rheumatoid arthritis
presents with
chronic joint inflammation while
pemphigus vulgaris causes
skin and mucosal blistering.
