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This overview addresses
immunological assays with
particular emphasis
on the principles
and significance of
immunological assays,
including how antibody
antigen interactions
enable detection and quantification
of disease molecules.
We will explain key
techniques such as ELlSA,
western blotting,
and flow cytometry.
Highlighting their formats,
detection methods, and
diagnostic applications.
Advances in multiplexing,
automation,
and digital platforms
will be discussed.
As well as the importance
of validation and
standardization amidst
growing complexity.
Finally, we will consider
the transformative impact
of these assays on diagnostics,
research, and
personalized medicine.
Immunological assays are
essential tools that use
antibody specificity
and binding to
detect quantify or
characterize disease
related molecules.
These techniques rely on
highly specific
antigen-antibody interactions
enabled by their structural
complementarity.
The strength of these
interactions known as
affinity and the cumulative
binding strength when
multiple antigen binding
sites are involved known as
avidity a key to assay
sensitivity and specificity.
This lecture will
explore key assay types,
detection methods,
broad applications,
and ongoing healthcare
significance.
The enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay or
ELISA is widely used for
its adaptability and
quantitative strength.
In ELISA, an antigen or
antibody is immobilized
on a microtiter plate.
