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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Part I: defining stem cell memory
- Stem cells for biomedicine & biotechnology
- Properties of two main stem cell types
- Cellular memory
- Embryonic stem cells lack cellular memory
- Properties of "adult" stem cells
- Tissue cell turnover
- Non epithelial tissues similar kinetics & memory
- Deterministic asymmetric self-renewal evidence
- Hypotheses ASC asymmetric self-renewal
- Evidence against asymmetric self-renewal
- Evidence for asymmetric self-renewal
- Asymmetric self-renewal debate
- Two classes of adult stem cell memory
- The genetic fidelity problem
- Replication error mutation kinetics
- Mutation avoidance: a deterministic possibility
- A solution to the genetic fidelity problem
- Chromosome segregation vs. co-segregation
- In-vivo evidence for non-random co-segregation
- Nonrandom segregation of sister chromatids
- Immortal DNA strands in adult stem cells in vivo
- Asymmetric self-renewal models
- Immortal DNA strands
- Co-segregation analysis
- Florescent micrographs
- Immortal DNA strands long term memory
- General categories of possible mechanisms
- Nonrandom segregation of sister chromatids
- Stable centrosome-microtubule-kinetochore
- Centrosome-microtubule-kinetochore
- Nonrandom co-segregation in budding yeasts
- p53 expression in adult stem cells
- Biochemical control of asymmetric self-renewal
- Dissociation of non-random co-segregation
- p53's role
- Summary part I
- Part II: potential molecular elements
- Strategy
- Engineered mouse cell models
- ASRA gene signature discovery
- 85-gene ASRA signature
- Properties of H2A.Z
- Asymmetric detection of H2A.Z
- Symmetric mitotic cells H2A.Z detection
- Asymmetric mitotic cells H2A.Z detection
- H2A.Z chromosomal asymmetry
- Assay for detection of “H2A.Z asymmetry”
- H2A.Z asymmetry in mouse hair follicle cells
- Potential stem cell memory elements
- Summary for part II
Topics Covered
- Defining stem cell memory
- Deterministic asymmetric self-renewal evidence
- Two classes of adult stem cell memory
- The genetic fidelity problem
- Chromosome segregation vs. co-segregation
- Asymmetric self-renewal models
- Biochemical control of asymmetric self-renewal
- Potential molecular elements
- ASRA gene signature discovery
- Properties of H2A.Z
Links
Series:
Categories:
Talk Citation
Sherley, J. (2017, December 31). Stem cell memory [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 23, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/YWYH8019.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. James Sherley has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
A selection of talks on Genetics & Epigenetics
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello. My name is James L. Sherley.
I am the Director of Asymmetrex.LLC
located in Boston, Massachusetts in the United States.
The topic of my presentation is Stem Cell Memory.
0:14
Part one of the presentation is: Defining stem cell memory.
0:19
I would like to begin with a brief discussion of the two main types of
stem cells that are of interest for biomedicine and biotechnology.
The first of these embryonic stem cells are derived
from an early stage in development called the blastocyst.
Within the blastocyst, there's an inner cell mass composed of cells called epiblast.
When epiblast are placed in culture on appropriate conditions,
they give rise to embryonic stem cells.
There is much excitement over embryonic stem cells because each of these cells has the
potential to give rise to all of the diverse cell types found in the mature body.
The second type of stem cells, adult stem cells,
occur late in fetal development at about the time that organs begin to form.
As we will see, adult stem cells are found in most adult tissues.
1:04
These two main types of stem cells,
embryonic and adult, differ in several important respects.
Embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos,
whereas adult stem cells are found in adult tissues.
Embryonic stem cells are easily identified as the epiblast and blastocysts.
In contrast, adult stem cells are difficult to identify in tissues.
And in fact, there are no known unique identifiers of adult stem cells,
making it difficult to effect their isolation study.
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent,
meaning that each cell has the potential to give rise
to all of the different types of cells in the adult body.
In contrast, adult stem cells are limited in this potential.
In general, they have evolved to be multipotent or unipotent,
being able to produce only the several different cell types
or a single different cell type in their tissue of residence.
In respect to this talk,
embryonic stem cells have no cellular memory.
Stem cell memory is a feature of adult stem cells.
As noted before, both embryonic stem cells and
adult stem cells are of interest for potential applications in biomedicine,
in particular, self-replacement therapies.
However, embryonic stem cell research faces two major problems.
Production of human embryonic stem cells requires the death of
human embryos which raises difficult moral questions and objections to this research.
The embryonic stem cells form tumors when transplanted into adult tissues,
further complicating their application for human cell therapy.
Adult stem cells offer solutions for both of these problems.
Informed consent is possible for donors of
adult stem cells avoiding ethical and moral issues,
and these cells do not form tumors in adult tissues.