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Hello everyone. My name
is Viviane Calice-Silva.
I'm a Nephrologist and an
Associate Professor from
the School of
Medicine at Univille
and Pro-rim Foundation,
Joinville, Brazil.
It's a great pleasure to
be here and speak with you
today about the pathophysiology
of acute renal failure.
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What we are going
to discuss today is
about AKI definition,
AKI epidemiology worldwide,
and its pathophysiology.
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AKI is a global problem and
occurs in many different
settings in the community,
hospitals, also
reported in the ICU's.
It's a predictor of
immediate and long-term
adverse outcomes.
It's more prevalent in
patients with chronic
kidney disease and
may act as a promoter of
progression of an
underlying CKD.
The burden of AKI is
most significant in
developing countries,
mainly due to limited
resources of care
and sometimes the lack of
renal replacement therapy.
It's very important for us
to improve AKI detection,
especially in its early
and potentially
reversible stages.
This is key to
prevent the risk of
progression for kidney
failure requiring dialysis.
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It's very important to
understand the AKI definition.
It is defined as a rapid
increase in serum creatinine,
decrease in urine
output, or both.
As per KDIGO,
we have a specific
definition as follows.
An increase in serum creatinine
by 0.3 milligrams
per deciliter within
48 hours or an increase in
serum creatinine by 1.5
times the baseline,
which is known or
presumed to have
occurred within the
prior seven days,
or if we have a decrease
in the urine volume
by 0.5 ml per kilo per
hour during 6 hours,
you have the diagnosis of AKI.
AKI is a part of a variety of
