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0:00
Hello, I'm Professor David Livermore
of the University of East Anglia
and Public Health England's lead
on surveillance
of antibiotic resistance.
And I wanted to pick up now
in the second part
of this presentation on national
and international surveillance
of antibiotic resistance.
0:23
We're going to look at
some sets of surveillance data,
both routine data collection
and sentinel surveillances.
And also how these systems
can be used to asses the success
and failure
of different interventions
aiming to control resistance.
0:48
Having said all those caveats,
let's now go on
to look at several national
and international
surveillance systems.
See what we can make
of the data,
look at what's good,
look at what we have
to be careful of.
1:05
And one way to do surveillance
nationally or internationally
is to collect
routine susceptibility data.
Up and down the country,
let alone around the world,
millions of susceptibility tests
are done with disks
on automated systems, Vitex,
Phoenix, and such like, everyday.
All those data are out there,
and there is some attempt
to collect them in.
In the United Kingdom,
the Department of Health
has mandatory reporting
of a few types of infections,
bacteraemias due to methicillin
resistance Staph. aureus.
E. coli, also nowadays
to Staph. aureus in general.
And for a while, to outline
a few slides ago,
the Department of Health
also collected
mandatorily information
on bacteraemias,
due to vancomycin
resistance enterococci.
All that depends on the
hospitals own results.
Public Health England
also seeks to collect in,
onto a voluntary scheme,
data for all bacteraemias.
Hospitals are asked
to report all the patients
who've had a bacteraemia,
the pathogens,
and the susceptibility results
that were obtained.
And that system, it's now called
second generation
surveillance system,
is being expanded so that
it will seek
all susceptibility data
for all pathogens isolated
at least in England.
Internationally, or at least across
the European Union,
there's a system called EARS-net
which looks at selected
drug-bug combinations,
in bacteraemia
across a representative range
of hospitals in the country,
essentially about one site
of million head of population.
