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0:00
DR. VIVEK LAL: Hi, this is
Dr. Vivek Lal from the King
Faisal University in Saudi Arabia.
I'm a pharmacologist
and a medical teacher.
Today, I will speak
at length on Ischemic
Heart Disease, or IHD, which is a
major clinical problem globally.
0:20
So before we begin
the discussion,
let's first get acquainted
with the problem
and understand its
epidemiological ramifications.
Coronary artery disease
or ischemic heart disease
is a major cause of
morbidity and mortality
in both the developed and
the developing countries.
It is a cause of 17.3
million deaths worldwide,
as per a study which was
done in 2013 which is called
the Global Burden of Disease Study.
Since 1990, that has been a
41% increase in the prevalence
of ischemic heart disease.
And it has been observed
that the lifetime
risk of ischemic heart
disease in men is 49%
and 32% in women
at 40 years of age.
And it is 35% and 24% in men and
women at the age of 70 years.
1:15
Now let us understand what
exactly is myocardial ischemia.
Myocardial ischemia is basically
an imbalance between the supply
of oxygen to the heart,
so also the other nutrients,
and the myocardial demand for
these new nutrients and for oxygen.
Now, the main reason
for myocardial ischemia
is a partial or a total
block in the blood supply
to the myocardium,
which is the heart muscle.
Now, the blood supply
through the heart muscles
is through the coronary arteries.
Any block in the coronary arteries
will lead to myocardial ischemia.
Now obviously, the degree of
the block will be proportional
to the severity of the disease.
Now, the main reason of
coronary artery block
is because of atheroma or
an atherosclerotic plaque
which develops in the intimal
lining of the coronary arteries.
The process of deposition
of an atherosclerotic plaque
is a relentless and a slow process.
And the block in
the coronary arteries
is basically dependent
on the extent of the block
created by atherosclerotic plaque.
