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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Elements controlling the transcription process
- Gene expression parts for simple eukaryote
- Gene expression parts for complex eukaryote
- Cofactors of transcription factors (TFs)
- How to locate a core promoter
- Location of core promoter by sequencing
- 5 DNA sequences attract the basal machinery
- General classification of pol II promoters
- How were the basal pol II TFs identified?
- Identification of the basal pol II machinery
- Human RNA polymerase studies in the late 70's
- Identification of TFs using adenovirus
- Basal TFs assemble in a stepwise fashion
- Core promoter elements are bound by basal TFs
- TBP distribution in human cell lines
- Properties of TBP and TFIID
- Structure of TBP bound to TATA
- Assembly and architecture of TFIID
- Model for holo-TFIID assembly
- Proteins affecting basal transcription by pol II
- TFIID binds modified chromatin and promoter DNA
- Regulation of TATA-binding protein
- Models for NC2-Mot1p regulated transcription
- Shared subunits between SAGA and TFIID
- SAGA evolved and duplicated during evolution
- Discrete steps during initiation and elongation
- RNA polymerase II
- The atomic structure of yeast RNA pol II
- Topology of DNA during mRNA synthesis
- RNA pol II and mRNA synthesis movie
- Stepwise assembly of human PIC
- Structural view of assembly of the PIC
- CTD-phosphorylation cycle
- CTD is phosphorylated during transcription
- Molecular function of the CTD of Rbp1
- Discovery of transcriptional cofactors
- Identification of SRB proteins in yeast
- Mediator complex
- Unified nomenclature for the Mediator complex
- Two functions of Mediator
- Mediator mechanism
- Acknowledgements
Topics Covered
- The basal transcription machinery for RNA polymerase II
- DNA transcription
- Basal or general transcription factors
- Chromatin modifications
- RNA polymerase II
- TFIID
- Mediator
Links
Series:
Categories:
Talk Citation
Timmers, H.T.M. (2014, February 4). The basal transcription machinery for RNA polymerase II [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved October 12, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/LTAN5092.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. H. T. Marc Timmers has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
A selection of talks on Genetics & Epigenetics
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
My name's Mark Timmers.
I've been interested in the process of gene regulation
for a very long time, and in doing so,
we've gathered a number of insights.
I'm going to share with you what we've learned
about the basal transcription by RNA polymerase ii.
0:15
But before we go into the details
of the basal transcription process
itself, it's important to
review the elements which
are controlling the process of transcription.
These are typically, as indicated in orange here,
the enhancer sequences which
can be located either upstream
or downstream or even in the gene,
a locus control region which can act
over larger distances, and the
function of these DNA elements
fits into the events that are happening
at the start site, indicated by the arrow.
And the start site is part of
the core promotor sequence,
which is surrounding the start site.
And it's about only 50 base
pairs in total sequence.
Although we know that these elements
are important from the simple act
of looking at the DNA
sequences, it's very difficult
to find these functional elements.
1:03
These DNA elements function
by attracting proteins.
From the DNA sequence of a number of genes,
we can now determine the number of genes which
are involved in expression of the genome.
For a simple eukaryote like yeast,
which has about 6,000 genes,
there's about 170 gene-specific transcription factors
which bind to upstream sequences like enhancers.
There's about 250 or so chromatin
remodeling and modifying factors.
And if we focus on the basal machinery,
there's about 60 to 70 general
transcription machinery proteins.
In addition to this, yeast has about 20 elongation proteins
and there's a number of upstream
regulatory factors like kinases,
ubiquitin, rare proteins, mRNA splicing proteins, export proteins.
I'm not going to talk about those.
So the total set is about 60 proteins
which are involved in basal machinery.