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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Plant cell walls constitute bulk of plant biomass
- Plant cell walls: cell type-specific
- Plant cell walls have many functions in the plant
- Plant cell walls have many uses
- Two general types of walls: primary vs. secondary
- Characteristics of primary & secondary walls
- Plant cell walls consist of interacting polymers
- Polymer content of primary & secondary walls
- Models of the plant cell wall
- Cellulose-matrix polysaccharide network
- Models represent cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin
- But what about the cell wall proteins?
- Cell wall proteome
- Arabinogalactan protein distribution in the cell wall
- Proposed extensin 3 networks in cell walls
- Proteoglycans in the plant cell wall (1)
- Proteoglycans in the plant cell wall (2)
- Model of cell wall containing APAP1
- Structure and synthesis of wall polymers
- Overview of plant cell wall biosynthesis
- Lignin
- Lignin in xylem of Medicago truncatula
- Chemical structure of 3 types of monolignols
- Major ether and C-C linkages in lignin
- Lignin deposition is spatial and time-specific
- General pathway for lignin precursor production
- Symbolic nomenclature of monosaccharide
- The nucleotide-sugar interconversion pathway
- Cellulose (1)
- The cellulose-hemicellulose network
- Cellulose (2)
- The structural units and interactions in cellulose
- Cellulose synthase catalytic subunits
- CESAs reside in rosette structures
- CESA protein and rosette structural models
- Bacterial cellulose synthase complex
- Mechanism of cellulose synthesis
- Association of cellulose with other components
- Hemicellulose
- Hemicelluloses
- Hemicelluloses - xyloglucan
- H-bonding of xyloglucan to cellulose microfibrils
- Structural diversity in xyloglucan sidechains
- Hemicelluloses - mixed linkage glucan & mannan
- Hemicelluloses - xylan
- Cellulose synthase-like (Csl) genes
- Xyloglucan biosynthesis
- Mixed-linkage glucan biosynthesis
- Mannan and glucomannan biosynthesis
- Xylan biosynthesis
- Pectin (1)
- Pectins in middle lamella and throughout cell wall
- Pectin (2)
- Pectins: HG, XGA and AGA
- Pectin: Rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II)
- Pectin: Rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I)
- Interconnection between different pectic domains
- Homogalacturonan biosynthesis
- Xylogalacturonan and RG-II biosynthesis
- Rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) biosynthesis
- More research is needed on cell wall architecture
- Wall matrix polysaccharides are connected
- Why cell wall research is important
- Additional References
- Acknowledgements
Topics Covered
- Overview of plant cell wall functions
- Primary and secondary walls
- Types of polymers in plant cell walls
- Organization of plant cell walls / plant cell wall models
- Cell wall proteins
- Structure and synthesis of lignin
- Structure and synthesis of cellulose
- Structure and synthesis of hemicelluloses
- Structure and synthesis of pectic polysaccharides
Talk Citation
Mohnen, D. and Atmodjo, M.A. (2014, January 1). Plant cell wall: structure and biosynthesis [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 10, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/NDZG9069.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Debra Mohnen has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
- Dr. Melani A. Atmodjo has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
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Transcript
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0:00
In our environment, we are surrounded by plants,
our most abundant renewable resource.
My name is Debra Mohnen,
and in this presentation,
Melani Atmodjo and I
from the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center
at the University of Georgia
will summarize our current understanding
of plant cell wall structure and synthesis.
0:23
Each year approximately 100 billion tons
of carbon dioxide are fixed into biomass
with roughly one-third of that
produced by marine plants and microorganisms
and two-thirds from land plants.
In photosynthesis,
plants use carbon dioxide and water
taken up from the environment
and energy from the sun to produce carbohydrates.
The bulk of that fixed carbon ends up in the plant cell walls.
0:52
Plant cell walls are the carbohydrate-rich
extracellular matrix that surrounds all plant cells.
Plant cell walls and plant cells vary in shape and structure
depending upon the cell type,
as can be seen in these micrographs.
Note the difference in shape and surface structure
of the epidermis of Arabidopsis sepals,
the leaf-like structure that supports petals,
on the upper left versus the epidermis
of petals on the upper right.
Furthermore, note the intricate branch structure
on the bottom left of single cell trichomes
versus the elongated and pitted structure
of pollen cells on the bottom right.
Finally, note the round structure
of suspension-cultured cells grown in liquid culture
on the bottom middle
versus the rigid and thicker wall structure
of the large xylem cells,
which make up water transporting vascular cells
and cells in wood.