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1. Introduction
2. Funding disclosure
3. What is diabetes?
4. Defining diagnostic thresholds
5. Basis for diabetes cut-points
6. Basis of diagnostic criteria for diabetes
7. Limitations of bimodality
8. Identifying a glucose threshold
9. Diabetes complications
10. Relative risk of CVD mortality by 2h glucose
11. Glucose is not a significant predictor of CVD
12. Retinopathy
13. Retinopathy - range of FPG thresholds
14. Prevalence of retinopathy - FPG (1)
15. Prevalence of retinopathy - HbA1c (2)
16. Limitations of associations with complications
17. HbA1c for the diagnosis of diabetes
18. Strengths for HbA1c as a diagnostic tool
19. Problems for HbA1c in diagnosing diabetes
20. The sensitivity of HbA1c and FPG
21. Differences in prevalence and lack of ‘sensitivity’
22. Laboratory challenges with glucose and HbA1c
23. Analytical issues - glucose
24. Fall in blood glucose concentration
25. Day-to-day variability
26. Pre-analytical issues
27. When the diagnostic test is misleading
28. Choices of diagnostic tools
29. Problems with glucose and HbA1c
30. Comparing set of limitations in glucose & HbA1c
31. Prevalence of retinopathy - FPG (2)
32. Prevalence of retinopathy - HbA1c (2)
33. Prevalence of diabetes-specific retinopathy
34. Comparing old data with current clinical practice
35. HbA1c and glucose are similar for retinopathy
36. HbA1c is a valid choice for diabetes diagnosis
37. Screening for diabetes
38. Screening for asymptomatic type 2 diabetes
39. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes
40. Risk assessment forms for type 2 diabetes
41. Australian risk assessment form for diabetes
42. Risk assessment by age and gender
43. Risk assessment by ethnicity and origin
44. Risk assessment by glycemia and family history
45. Risk assessment by blood pressure and smoking
46. Risk assessment by diet and physical activity
47. Risk assessment by waist measurement
48. Scoring summation
49. Summary

Topics Covered

• Define glucose levels for diabetes diagnosis
• Retinopathy and glycaemia
• Limitations of glucose measurement
• Limitations of HbA1c measurement
• Screening for diabetes with questionnaires

Links

Series:

• Diabetes in Perspective

Categories:

• Biochemistry
• Cell Biology
• Clinical Practice
• Metabolism & Nutrition

Therapeutic Areas:

• Cardiovascular & Metabolic

Talk Citation

Publication History

• Published on May 22, 2013

Financial Disclosures

• Professor Jonathan Shaw has received funding for consultancies and lectures from:Astra Zeneca; Sanofi; Novo Nordisk; MSD; Eli Lilly; Abbott; Mylan; Boehringer Ingelheim