Pathology of infectious diseases

This session centers on pathology of infectious diseases, offering a structured look at the major global impact of infectious diseases, the mechanisms by which diverse pathogens invade and damage the body, and the complex interactions with host immune responses that influence disease outcomes. We will discuss how laboratory diagnostics, pathology, and clinical features integrate to guide accurate diagnosis. Additionally, we will examine complications ranging from acute illness to chronic disease and cancer, shaped by both microbial tactics and host factors. Finally, we will explore how ongoing research and evolving knowledge inform better strategies for prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Infectious diseases remain a major cause of illness and death worldwide, impacting people of all ages. The pathology involves a dynamic interplay between invading pathogens and the host defenses. Pathogens, bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, invade through diverse mechanisms, and their interaction with tissues sets the stage for disease. This lecture will explore how pathogens penetrate barriers, cause tissue damage, and how the body's response can both protect and sometimes exacerbate disease. Infection often begins when a pathogen overcomes the body's physical or chemical barriers. Once inside, pathogens use strategies to establish infection. So bacteria release toxins or use secretion systems to disrupt host cells, while viruses hijack the host cellular machinery for replication.