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1. Introduction
2. NK cell diversity, KIR and HLA
3. Natural killer cell functions
4. NK cells controlled by receptors for HLA
5. HLA are the most polymorphic human genes
6. KIR gene number is variable
7. KIR recognize epitopes of HLA molecules
8. KIR 'A' haplotypes
9. Maintenance of diversity in human populations
10. Modern human history and 4 sample populations
11. Two distinct African populations
12. The Yucpa Amerindian population
13. 2 common and distinct KIR haplotypes in Yucpa
14. Two common KIR haplotypes in Europeans
15. A and B KIR haplotypes in balance worldwide
16. Keeping the balance
17. Identifying specific amino acids
18. Positive selection
19. An unusually high frequency of HLA-C*07
20. Two KIR2DL3 alleles are unique to the Yucpa
21. Yucpa 2DL3*009 has reduced HLA-C*07 binding
22. Khoisan population
23. KIR2DL1-K44 is an allele unique to Khoisan
24. 2DL1*022 has switched HLA binding specificity
25. Extent of diversity in populations
26. Understanding the extent of KIR/HLA diversity
27. High KIR allelic diversity in Ghana and Khoisan
28. Very high combinatorial diversity per-population
29. Very high combinatorial diversity per-individual
30. Individualized NK repertoire
31. NK repertoire diversity as a quantitative trait
32. Conclusions (1)
33. KIR/HLA in ancient humans
34. Denisova, Neanderthal and modern humans
35. Sequences were mapped to reference genomes
36. KIR/HLA are divergent in sequence and content
37. Alternative mapping strategy
38. Denisova has KIR A and B haplotypes
39. KIR3DL1/S1 phylogenetics
40. 3DS1*013 came from ancient humans
41. Admixture introduced archaic haplotypes
42. Conclusions (2)
43. Acknowledgements (1)
44. Acknowledgements (2)

Topics Covered

• NK cell Diversity; KIR and HLA
• Genetic variety of human immune systems
• Natural killer (NK) cell functions
• HLA and KIR polymorphism
• Genetic association with infectious disease
• Pregnancy syndromes
• Maintenance of diversity in populations
• KIR haplotypes, balancing selection, population bottlenecks, human population diversity
• Natural selection and functional variation, cell-free assays, allelic variants with altered specificities
• Extent of Diversity in Populations
• HLA/KIR compound genotypes and immune identity
• Distribution of viable KIR/HLA interactions
• KIR/HLA in Ancient Humans
• Virtual HLA/KIR genotype of Denisova and Neanderthal
• Distribution of ancient human KIR/HLA alleles in modern humans

Links

Categories:

• Genetics & Epigenetics
• Immunology

Therapeutic Areas:

• Immunology & Inflammation

Talk Citation

Norman, P. (2011, December 7). Population-specific evolution of natural killer cell diversity [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved April 15, 2025, from https://doi.org/10.69645/ILXZ9899.
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Publication History

• Published on December 7, 2011

Financial Disclosures

• Dr. Paul Norman has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.