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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Psychology and brain development
- Cognitive development
- Nativism and constructivism
- Biological feasibility
- Biological inheritance (1)
- Biological inheritance (2)
- Interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic factors
- Multiple signaling cues interact in a dynamic way
- Brain development
- Brain structure
- The neocortex
- Talk outline
- Differentiation of neural progenitor cells (1)
- Differentiation of neural progenitor cells (2)
- Differentiation of neural stem cells
- Transplantation experiments
- Initial specification in the neocortex
- Early specification of control areas
- Gene mutations alter expression gradients
- Graded expression of transcription factors
- Signaling centers and transcriptional factors
- Input and visual system organization
- What happens when one eye is deprived of input?
- Respecifying the function of cortical sensory area
- Surgical rewiring
- Reorganization in the adult neocortex
- Experience induced reorganization in the neocortex
- Intrinsic and extrinsic factors
- Outcome depends on both factors
- Inherited, environmental and temporal constraints
- Development is temporally constrained
- History and state
- The developmental process
- Brain development and the nature-nurture debate
- Proteins are the active agents in development
- The effects of inherited and experiential factors
- Interaction of nature and nurture is required
- Concluding remarks
Topics Covered
- Brain Development
- Psychological models of inheritance and development, and the nature nurture debate
- Biological models of inheritance
- Brain development as a dynamic process
- Five examples (1) differentiation of neural progenitors (2) embryonic differentiation of neocortex (3) visual experience and the early development of primary visual cortex (4) rewiring cortex (5) altering organization in the adult brain
- Brain development as the dynamic interaction of nature and nurture
Talk Citation
Stiles, J. (2010, September 15). The fundamentals of brain development: integrating nature and nurture [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved October 8, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/IMEO7909.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Joan Stiles has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
A selection of talks on Neuroscience
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
My name is Joan Stiles.
I'm a professor of
cognitive science
at the University of
California, San Diego,
and Director of the UCSD
Human Development Program.
The title of my talk is
'Fundamentals of Brain Development:
Integrating Nature and Nurture'.
In the past two
to three decades,
there have been tremendous
advances within
developmental neurobiology
in our understanding
of brain development.
These advances extend to
all levels of the
developing system from
understanding the role
of gene expression
to the organization
of neocortex.
With those advances have
come fundamental changes
in the underlying models of how this
complex biological system emerges.
In contrast to older
maturational models in which
inherited factors prescribe
the course of development
and determine
developmental outcomes,
the emerging picture
of brain development
is of a dynamic and
adaptive system
that is constrained both
by inherited factors
and by the experience
of the organism.
Normal brain
development requires
the expression of
very specific genes,
but just as important are
the specific input the
organism receives.
While this progress
in understanding
the biological basis
of brain development
is perhaps inherently
interesting,
it is legitimate to ask
whether these developments in
neurobiology have implications
for other fields.
Specifically, is
it important for
investigators studying
other aspects of
human development,
in particular psychologists,
to know about brain development?
1:22
I will argue in this
talk that it is.
But the question is why.
Knowledge of contemporary models
of brain development is important.
Because in fact, most
traditional models of
behavioral development rely on
assumptions about
biological development.
But the models behavioral
scientists evoke are not current.
Thus, the underlying
assumptions about
critical issues
concerning the origins
of behavior are out of date.
Alignment of our
models of brain and
behavioral development
is essential for
progress in
understanding how humans
develop biologically,
cognitively or socially.
The purpose of this talk is
to provide an overview of
some very basic principles
of brain development
drawn from contemporary
developments of neurobiology
that may be of use
to investigators
from a wide range
of disciplines,
and in particular to
developmental psychologists,
whose specific focus
is the origin of
knowledge and its
biological underpinnings.
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