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Biomedical Basics

Gluconeogenesis and Glycogen Metabolism

  • Created by Henry Stewart Talks
Published on January 28, 2026   4 min

A selection of talks on Cardiovascular & Metabolic

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Welcome to this lecture on gluconeogenesis and glycogen metabolism, providing an overview of the essential roles of gluconeogenesis and glycogen metabolism in maintaining glucose homeostasis during fasting, exercise, and between meals. We will discuss the biochemical pathways, key enzymes, and regulatory mechanisms that allow for efficient synthesis and breakdown of glucose and glycogen. The influence of hormones such as insulin, glucagon and epinephrine on these processes will be highlighted, as well as the importance of precise metabolic control. Finally, we will consider how dysfunction in these pathways can lead to disease, emphasizing the body's remarkable metabolic adaptability. Today, we'll explore the vital processes which are essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis during fasting or intense exercise. While glycolysis breaks down glucose for energy, gluconeogenesis synthesizes new glucose from non carbohydrate sources. Glycogen acts as the main storage form of glucose, with its rapid breakdown and synthesis tightly regulated to meet metabolic needs and adapt to changing energy demands. Gluconeogenesis is the anabolic pathway by which new glucose is synthesized, mainly in the liver and to a lesser extent in the kidney. Its main precursors include lactate from glycolysis, amino acids like alanine and glutamine from muscle, and glycerol from fat breakdown. The pathway largely reverses glycolysis but

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