DNA structure and function

The topic of DNA structure and function will be explored, including its double helix arrangement, nucleotide composition, and base pairing rules essential for genetic stability. We will discuss the mechanisms of DNA replication, emphasizing enzyme involvement and fidelity in genetic inheritance. The process of gene expression, transcription and translation will also be explained, highlighting how genetic information is converted into proteins. Finally, we will explore how DNA is packaged in eukaryotic cells and how this packaging regulates gene accessibility and expression. Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is the molecule that stores genetic information for all living organisms, mainly found in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells. DNA consists of extremely long molecules that if stretched, would span nearly 2 meters in a single human cell. It's double helic structure, proposed by Watson and Crick in 1953, with Rosalind Franklin's key X ray work, features two intertwined strands, sugar phosphate backbones and paired nucleotide bases, ensuring stable, accessible genetic information. DNA is made of repeating subunits called nucleotides, each containing a deoxyabos sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine. The double helix allows for complementary base pairing, adenine pairs with thymine and guanine with cytosine. This base pairing, described by Chargaff's rules is vital for