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1. Introduction
2. Factors to study in the evolution of resistance
3. Antibiotic resistance by chromosomal mutation
4. Mutation
5. Likelihood of resistance emerging
6. Diagram - a "jackpot" culture
7. Diagram - a late mutation
8. Diagram - which has the highest mutation rate?
9. Mutation rate and mutation frequency - summary
10. Determining mutation rate
11. Overview on mutation rate experiments (1)
12. Overview on mutation rate experiments (2)
13. Range of detected mutations in an experiment
14. MICs of different mutant strains of S. pneumoniae
15. Parameters for planning mutation rate experiments
16. Methods of calculation of mutation rates
17. Variables for the calculation of mutation rate
18. Equations used in the calculation of m
19. Calculating mutation rate
20. What do we mean by mutation rate?
21. Assumptions in a fluctuation analysis
22. Does cell state affect the mutation rate?
23. No increase in mutation rate in low pH
24. Chemostat at pH=7
25. Chemostat at pH=6.2
26. Hypermutability
27. Rifampicin mutation frequency in CF patients
28. Antibiotic resistance in CF patients
29. Mutator strains belonging to E. coli and Shigella
30. Mutator strains more likely to generate resistance
31. Identifying mutator strains
32. Mutation rates for first- and second-step mutants
33. Antibiotics can increase mutation rate
34. Case report of antibiotic resistance
35. Reservoir of mutants in untreated patients
36. Mutations in gyrA, parC
37. Summary

Topics Covered

• Factors to study in the evolution of resistance
• Antibiotic resistance by chromosomal mutation
• Likelihood of resistance emerging
• Determining mutation rate
• Parameters for planning a mutation rate experiment
• Methods of calculating mutation rate
• Assumptions in a fluctuation analysis
• Environmental stresses in the host environment
• Hypermutability

Links

Series:

• Antibiotic Resistance

Categories:

• Genetics & Epigenetics
• Microbiology

Talk Citation

Publication History

• Published on January 13, 2010

Financial Disclosures

• Prof. Stephen Gillespie is in receipt of research grants from MMRC, EDCTP, Global Alliance for TB Drug Development. Professor Gillespie’s involvements in clinical trials are supported by active and placebo drug supplies from Bayer Schering Health Care and Sanofi Aventis, while also providing support with regulatory and drug safety advice. Neither company has a managerial role within the study, however. Professor Gillespie has also provided training to senior staff at Bayer Schering Health Care.