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1. Introduction
2. Recognition of bacteria by airway epithelial cells
3. A cystic fibrosis patient's airway
4. Questions that need to be addressed
5. Epithelial cells express toll like receptors
6. Signaling through the TLR2
7. Characteristics of airway epithelial cells
8. Epithelial cells' response to presence of bacteria
9. Bacteria stimulate mobilization of receptors
10. Questions of interest
11. Calcium as a second messenger
12. How is the Calcium (Ca2+) released in the cell?
13. TLR2 stimulation mediates the release of Ca2+
14. Bacterial Ca2+ fluxes induction is TLR2 dependent
15. Ca2+ release signals proinflammatory responses
16. Bacterial induction of NF-kB is TLR2 dependent
17. TLR2 stimulation signals Ca2+ fluxes
18. PI3K is required for TLR2 mediated Ca2+ fluxes
19. PLC-G is required for TLR2 mediated Ca2+ fluxes
20. Summary of the process described so far
21. Junctional components of epithelial cells
22. Does Ca2+ act as an inter-cellular messenger?
23. Connexins and gap junctions
24. Connexin's structural organization
25. Signaling moves from cell to cell via gap junctions
26. Gap junction inhibition attenuates IL-8 secretion
27. Do TLR2 Ca2+ fluxes travel through gap junctions?
28. Airway cells communicate TLR2 signals via GJ
29. Is GJ communication biologically significant?
30. What is a possible mechanism for this regulation?
31. Cell communication is decreased after stimulation
32. Calcium involvement in epithelial signaling
33. P. aeruginosa modifies epithelial permeability
34. Occludin, E-cadherin altered in response to PAO1
35. PAO1 (heat killed) does not alter barrier properties
36. Epithelial junctions
37. Occludin and E-cadherin
38. Epithelia signaling modulates junction properties
39. Does calpain target junctional proteins?
40. Calpain is a Ca2+ dependent protease
41. Calpain directly targets specific junctional proteins
42. Calpain activation in airway epithelial cells
43. TLR2 dependent calpain activation
44. Calpain association with Occludin
45. Occludin is cleaved by calpain
46. Decrease in hyperphosphorylated Occludin
47. Where is Occludin cleaved?
48. Calpain association with E-cadherin
49. Does calpain change epithelial junction properties?
50. Calpain and PMN transepithelial migration
51. Calpain activity contributes to inflammation in vivo
52. Does calpain help recruit PMN to the airways?
53. The proposed model
54. Calpain summary
55. Answers to the questions
56. Acknowledgements

Topics Covered

• Inhaled bacteria activate Ca2+ fluxes in airway cells
• Signal proinflammatory chemokine and cytokine production
• Ca2+ acts as a second messenger to stimulate adjacent cells
• Ca2+ activates proteases to facilitate PMN transmigration

Links

Series:

• Molecular Basis of Bacterial Infection

Categories:

• Clinical Practice
• Microbiology

Therapeutic Areas:

• Infectious Diseases

Talk Citation

Publication History

• Published on October 29, 2009
• Archived on February 25, 2021

Financial Disclosures

• There are no financial matters to disclose.