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The topic of protein
synthesis and
translation will be
explored through the flow
of genetic information from
DNA to protein through
the process of
translation focusing on how mRNA
is decoded to produce
functional proteins.
We will examine the stages
of translation, initiation,
elongation and termination and
the roles of ribosomes in tRNAs.
Further, we will discuss
the regulation of
protein synthesis and
the cellular mechanisms
ensuring fidelity
and protein quality.
Finally, we will highlight
how these processes
contribute to
cellular adaptation and how
defects can lead to disease.
Protein synthesis
is fundamental to
life transforming
genetic instructions
in DNA into functional molecules
that drive cellular processes.
Outlined by the central
dogma DNA to RNA to protein.
It explains how most cells share
the same genome yet
display diverse functions.
Exploring translation,
mRNA's genetic code
is decoded to produce proteins.
This high speed precise
process involves ribosomes,
tRNAs and regulatory molecules
illuminating how cells adapt
and maintain protein balance.
Translation begins
once RNA polymerase
transcribes a gene into mRNA,
a tightly regulated process.
This mRNA exits the nucleus to
serve as the blueprint
for protein construction.
Ribosomes made of ribosomal
RNA and proteins with
large and small subunits
read the mRNA in
codons three base sequences
specifying amino acids.
