Oxygen therapy and delivery systems

This session centres on Oxygen Therapy and Delivery Systems, offering a structured look at the fundamental principles of oxygen therapy, including its indications and goals in treating hypoxia and respiratory distress. We will discuss the selection, mechanisms, and appropriate use of various oxygen delivery devices, emphasizing their advantages and limitations. The importance of monitoring, safety protocols, and individualized patient care will also be explored to ensure effective and safe oxygen administration.. Oxygen therapy is a cornerstone of medical care, often prescribed to improve tissue oxygenation in patients with respiratory and cardiac conditions. Indications include hypoxia, where arterial oxygen saturation drops, and respiratory distress, as seen in COPD exacerbations, pneumonia, or pulmonary oedema. Early recognition of hypoxia—such as cyanosis, confusion, or increased work of breathing—is crucial. Therapy aims to correct hypoxemia, alleviate symptoms, and prevent end-organ damage. The choice of oxygen delivery device depends on the patient's clinical status and required oxygen concentration. The nasal cannula is often the first-line method, delivering low-flow oxygen—typically one to six litres per minute and achieving FiO₂ around twenty-four to forty percent. It is well tolerated, allowing eating and speaking, but is less effective for higher needs. Simple face masks, like Hudson masks, deliver five to ten litres per