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Biomedical Basics

Nutrient sensing and mTOR pathway

  • Created by Henry Stewart Talks
Published on November 30, 2025   4 min

A selection of talks on Cell Biology

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This talk introduces Nutrient Sensing and mTOR Pathway, using it as a basis for further exploration of how cells sense and respond to nutrients, focusing on the central signaling role of mTOR and its two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. We will discuss how these complexes integrate signals from amino acids, glucose, energy, and stress to regulate cell growth, metabolism, and autophagy. The pathway’s regulation of protein synthesis and metabolism makes it essential for normal growth but also a driver of disease when dysregulated. Finally, we will explore how targeting mTOR can impact conditions like cancer, metabolic diseases, and aging.. Let’s begin by understanding how cells sense and respond to their nutrient environment. All living cells need nutrients like amino acids, glucose, and lipids to fuel growth, maintain metabolism, and survive changing conditions. Integrating these inputs is critical and keeps tissues in sync during fasting or abundance. At the center of this network is mTOR—a master serine/threonine kinase. mTOR forms two complexes, mTORC one and mTORC two, each integrating distinct signals and shaping how cells balance growth, proliferation, and autophagy. The mTOR pathway operates through two distinct multi-protein complexes: mTORC-one and mTORC-two. mTORC-one, defined by its partner raptor, is sensitive to rapamycin and

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