Neuroanatomy

This presentation will examine neuroanatomy with a focus on the essential anatomical terminology used in neuroanatomy and the major divisions of the nervous system. We will introduce the fundamental organization and functions of brain regions, including the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem as well as the structure and pathways of the spinal cord. The roles and clinical significance of the cranial nerves will be outlined alongside an overview of the brain's blood supply and protective coverings. Finally, we will highlight how this knowledge underpins the understanding of neurological disorders. Neuroanatomy is the science focused on the nervous system structure. Before discussing specific structures, it's important to introduce the anatomical terminology used for locations and relationships within the nervous system. Standard descriptors such as anterior, posterior, dorsal, and ventral help orient us. Rostral towards the nose and caudal towards the tail are especially useful for the brain stem and spinal cord. The nervous system divides into central, brain, and spinal cord and peripheral, nerves, and ganglia outside the central nervous system. Understanding these terms forms the foundation for exploring neuroanatomical organization. The brain is a highly organized organ divided into major structural and functional regions. The largest part, the cerebrum has two hemispheres and is separated into frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes by sulci and gyri.