Chromosomes and chromatin

In this talk, the focus is Chromosomes and Chromatin, supported by coverage of the structure and function of chromosomes and chromatin, emphasizing how genetic information is organized and regulated within the cell. We will discuss the packaging of DNA with proteins to form chromatin, the distinction between euchromatin and heterochromatin, and the mechanisms of gene expression control. Additionally, we will examine how disruptions in chromatin or chromosome structure can lead to chromosomal abnormalities and disease.. Chromosomes and Chromatin are key to understanding genetics, cell biology, and gene regulation. Chromosomes, found in the nucleus of most eukaryotic cells, store and transmit genetic information. Each contains a long DNA molecule, coiled and packaged with specialized proteins to fit about two meters of DNA into a six-micrometer nucleus, forming chromatin. This lecture will explore chromosome and chromatin structure, different forms of chromatin, their roles in gene expression and cell division, and how changes can cause chromosomal abnormalities. DNA forms the foundation of chromosomes. It is a double helix of nucleotides encoding genes that blueprint all cellular traits. The sequence of bases—adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine—gives instructions for protein and functional RNA synthesis. Humans have about twenty thousand to twenty-five thousand genes across twenty-three chromosome pairs. Chromosomes carry genes and ensure faithful segregation of