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1. Introduction
2. Types of symmetry in animal bodyplans
3. How important are symmetry and asymmetry?
4. Human laterality
5. Basic facts about normal human asymmetry
6. Ways asymmetry can go wrong
7. Asymmetry pathway
8. Clinical applications of LR asymmetry
9. Several profound mysteries of laterality
10. Candidates for mechanisms to align LR axis
11. Asymmetry mechanisms is a new field
12. Left-right asymmetry pathway - details
13. The last phase = organogenesis
14. The asymmetric gene pathway in chick embryos
15. Shh is sufficient to induce Nodal
16. Is Shh needed for left-sided Nodal expression?
17. Explaining situs inversions in conjoined twins
18. Asymmetry requires knowledge of position
19. Do distant points need to communicate?
20. Gap junctions mediate long-range LR signals
21. Important questions
22. A gradient is formed across cell field
23. Loss-of-function pharmacological screen
24. Are ion transporters important in asymmetry?
25. Targets implicated in pharmacological LR screen
26. Predictions
27. LR gradients across zone of isolation
28. Differences in H-plus efflux across ventral midline
29. Asymmetric localizations of mRNA and proteins
30. Localization of HK-ATPase consistent with source
31. ATPases are upstream of Sonic, Nodal expression
32. Molecular loss-of-function experiments
33. Using electrogenic genes to induce ectopic ion flux
34. Summary
35. Ion flux system is conserved to invertebrates
36. Why is the flow chiral, and what flows?
37. Serotonin: a neurotransmitter with many roles
38. Serotonin and asymmetry
39. Serotonin forms a rightward gradient
40. Serotonin mediates ion flux and gene expression
41. A grand-unified-theory of LR pattern formation
42. Is LR asymmetry now solved?
43. How does cargo move around in cells?
44. Coordination of 3 axes and chirality
45. Phases during LR patterning
46. But what about the ciliary model?
47. You don't need a node to establish asymmetry
48. Organizers after few cleavages can't form LR axis
49. Midline axis may be linked to first cleavage
50. Three models of LR asymmetry, compared to data
51. Meta-analysis of model species mechanisms
52. What's next?
53. Long-term mission of the Levin group
54. Acknowledgments
55. Consider our lab for Ph.D. and post-doc work

Topics Covered

• Types of symmetry in animal bodyplans
• Left-right asymmetry definition
• Human laterality
• facts about normal human asymmetry
• Ways asymmetry can go wrong
• Clinical applications of left-right asymmetry
• Left-right pathway
• Asymmetric gene expression
• Loss-of-function pharmacological screen
• Ion transporters in left-right patterning
• Novel localization mechanisms
• Molecular loss-of-function experiments
• Gain-of-function experiments
• Expression and function of the ion flux system
• Serotonin: a neurotransmitter with many roles
• Serotonin and asymmetry
• Phases during left-right patterning
• The relationship between physiological signals and the ciliary model of LR asymmetry
• Is nodal flow required for consistent asymmetry?
• 3 fundamental models of LR asymmetry

Links

Categories:

• Genetics & Epigenetics
• Reproduction & Development

Therapeutic Areas:

• Gynaecology & Obstetrics

Talk Citation

Levin, M. (2011, February 23). Left-right asymmetry in embryonic development: how epigenetic, biophysical forces and gene activity interplay to determine a major embryonic axis [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved April 18, 2024, from https://hstalks.com/bs/1947/.
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Publication History

• Published on February 23, 2011

Financial Disclosures

• Prof. Michael Levin has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.