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1. Introduction
2. Pain mechanism
3. Ascending and descending information
4. RVM stimulation produces powerful analgesia
5. Pain modulatory neurons
6. Descending pathways and pain modulation
7. Descending inhibition and hyperalgesia
8. Descending facilitation and hyperalgesia
9. Descending modulation: facilitation or inhibition
10. Effects of RVM lesion on behavior
11. Diagram of modulatory circuitry (1)
12. Cellular mechanisms of modulation
13. Dynamic shifts in descending modulation
14. The experimental set up
15. Temporal changes in excitability after inflammation
16. NMDA/AMPA and changes in excitability
17. Underlying mechanisms for changes in excitability
18. Changes in spinal dorsal horn after inflammation
19. NMDA receptor ion channel complex
20. NR2B phosphorylation after inflammation
21. Changes in NMDA receptor subunit expression
22. Upregulation of NMDA expression
23. Changes in NMDA receptor protein expression
24. Upregulation of NMDA protein expression
25. Changes in NMDA NR2 subunit after inflammation
26. Increase in NR2A phosphorylation
27. No increase in NR2B phosphorylation
28. Neuronal activity in the RVM
29. On-cells and off-cells
30. RVM neutral cells
31. RVM neuronal activity during inflammation
32. RVM neurons: inflamed vs non-inflamed paws
33. Both facilitation and inhibition are involved
34. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (1)
35. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (2)
36. Upregulation of BDNF in PAG neurons
37. PAG BDNF-containing neurons project to RVM
38. pTrkB as a measure for BDNF release
39. Upregulation of TrkB in the RVM
40. PAG stimulation activates TrkB in RVM
41. Effect of neutralizing BDNF in the RVM
42. Effect of exogenous BDNF in RVM
43. NMDAR antagonist blocks BDNF facilitation
44. BDNF induces NR2A tyr-P in the RVM
45. Inflammation induces NR2A tyr-P in RVM
46. Cellular mediators of BDNF-induced NR2A tyr-P
47. TrkB signaling pathway
48. BDNF and NMDA receptor findings
49. Diagram of modulatory circuitry (2)
50. Normal function of the brain
51. Descending modulation and chronic pain
52. Acknowledgements (1)
53. Acknowledgements (2)

Topics Covered

• Sensory modulation
• Activity dependent plasticity
• Descending modulation: facilitation or inhibition?
• Effects of RVM lesion on behavior
• Dynamic shifts in descending modulation after inflammation
• Experimental set up
• NMDA receptor ion channel complex
• Changes in NMDA receptor subunit expression in the RVM
• Changes in NMDA receptor protein expression in the RVM
• Changes in NMDA NR2 receptor subunit phosphorylation after inflammation
• Neuronal activity in the RVM
• Changes in RVM neuronal activity during the development of inflammation
• Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
• Normal function of the brain

Links

Series:

• Pain and the Control of Pain

Categories:

• Clinical Practice
• Neuroscience

Therapeutic Areas:

• Neurology

Talk Citation

Publication History

• Published on April 14, 2009
• Archived on July 28, 2021

Financial Disclosures

• Prof. Ronald Dubner has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.