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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- The central dogma (1)
- DNA as the heritable nucleic acid
- What is DNA?
- The analysis of DNA composition
- DNA Structure
- Chemical structure of base pairs
- A sense of scale
- DNA + protein = chromatin
- Structure predicts replication
- Semi conservative replication
- Meselson and Stahl’s classic experiment
- DNA replication process
- DNA dependent polymerases
- The Okazaki experiment
- DNA replication is continuous just on one strand
- Initiation of replication occurs at origin (oriC) 1
- Initiation of replication occurs at origin (oriC) 2
- Initiation of replication occurs at origin (oriC) 3
- Elongation
- Summary
- DNA replication in humans (1)
- DNA replication in humans (2)
- The problem with telomeres
- The solution with telomeres
- Chromatin = DNA + protein
- DNA polymerases function and associated disease
- The central dogma (2)
- Major RNA categories
- Transcription = DNA to RNA
- Basic features of a gene (1)
- Basic features of a gene (2)
- Most protein coding genes are interrupted
- Challenges
- Initiation of transcription by RNA Pol II
- Initiation in eukaryotic cell (1)
- Initiation in eukaryotic cell (2)
- Elongation
- Termination
- Maturation of mRNA: splicing
- The splicesome (1)
- The splicesome (2)
- Other post-transcriptional modifications
- RNA editing regulating protein function
- The central dogma (3)
Topics Covered
- DNA structure
- DNA replication process
- DNA replication is continuous just on one strand
- Initiation of replication occurs at origin (oriC)
- Elongation of replication
- DNA replication in humans
- The transcription process
- Initiation of transcription in eukaryotic cell
- Elongation of transcription and termination
- Maturation of RNA and splicing
- Additional post transcription modification
Links
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Talk Citation
Sargent, C. (2020, September 30). Gene structure, expression and regulation: DNA structure and replication [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved October 12, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/FPHR7954.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Dr. Carole Sargent has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Gene structure, expression and regulation: DNA structure and replication
Published on September 30, 2020
37 min
Other Talks in the Series: Introduction to Human Genetics and Genomics
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello, my name is Dr. Carole Sargent, and I
work in the Department of Pathology at the University of Cambridge.
My background is in Genomics and Genetics.
Today we're going to look at the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology.
We're going to cover this in two lectures.
This is the first,
which looks at gene structure, expression,
and regulation within the context of DNA structure and replication. The central dogma of
0:27
molecular biology states that there is
a sequential flow of information that ends with the generation of protein.
Information cannot flow between proteins of actual protein to a nucleic acid.
This is generally interpreted as illustrated in the diagram.
Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA,
is the heritable state which encodes the information for
the generation of ribonucleic acid molecules through the process of transcription.
RNA and specifically messenger RNA is
the transient intermediate that undergoes translation to generate the protein molecules.
In reality, the control of protein expression is more complex than this simple diagram,
often including regulation of DNA and RNA
by multiple proteins and other types of RNA molecules.
1:22
The identification of DNA as
the heritable nucleic acid was first determined through experiments with bacteria.
Streptococcus pneumoniae has two morphologically different forms.
When cultured on microbiological plates,
the highly pathogenic strains developed colonies with a smooth and glossy appearance.
The non-pathogenic colonies have a rough appearance.
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarthy showed that mixing
live non-pathogenic bacteria with dead cells or
cell extracts from the pathogenic strains converted
the phenotype from rough to smooth with a concomitant change in pathogenicity.
They subsequently extracted the different components
from the pathogenic strains and were able to
deduce that it was the DNA that had
this capacity to transform the rough colonies to the smooth.
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