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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Malaria overview
- Malaria epidemiology
- Distribution of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa
- Malaria control in Africa
- Strategies against malaria
- Genetically engineered mosquitoes (GEM)
- GEM strategies: population suppression
- GEM strategies: population replacement
- Normal or Mendelian inheritance
- Gene drive inheritance
- Fitness of GEM vs. wild-type mosquitoes
- Improving GEM fitness
- Mating competitiveness of GEM with wild type (1)
- Mating competitiveness of GEM with wild type (2)
- Sympatric populations of sister species
- Female A. gambiae mate only once
- Assortative mating among sister species
- Interspecific mating frequencies
- Evaluating fitness & behavior
- Phased testing pathway for GEM
- Entomological & epidemiological endpoints
- Field trials
- Physically confined “field” trials
- Phase 2: ecologically confined field trials
- Phase 2: identifying potential GEM field trial sites
- Ecological islands
- Site selection: potential island field trial sites
- Identifying potential sites: physical islands
- Islands in lake Victoria
- Oceanic islands
- Desired spread of GEM
- The topography of some African oceanic islands
- Resistance to gene drive
- Reduced genetic diversity of island A. gambiea
- Future challenges
- Staged, open field releases: continental scale
- Principal malaria vectors
- Secondary malaria vectors
- On the development of continental scale
- Acknowledgements
Topics Covered
- Gene drive technology used for the elimination of malaria in Africa
- Evaluation and deployment of genetically engineered mosquitoes (GEM) with gene drive into natural malaria-transmitting mosquito populations
- Fitness of GEM relative to their wild counterparts
- Strategies for maintaining and evaluating overall fitness
- Criteria for the establishment of field trial sites for the release and evaluation of GEM
- Implementation of GEM for malaria elimination/eradication at the continental scale
Talk Citation
Lanzaro, G.C. (2018, April 30). Ecological considerations for gene drive systems [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved October 13, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/LUAG6202.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Gregory C. Lanzaro has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Other Talks in the Series: Gene-Drives and Active Genetics
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello, my name is Gregory Lanzaro.
I'm a professor in the department of pathology and microbiology and
immunology in the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of California, Davis.
My background is in insect population genetics,
and I'll be discussing ecological considerations for
the application of Gene Drive technology using as an example,
its proposed application toward the elimination of Malaria in Africa.
This example is one of the earliest proposed applications of Gene Drive.
First laid out in a contemporary sense by Dr. Austin Burt back in 2003.
0:38
Human Malaria is a blood disease caused by protozoan parasites in
the genus Plasmodium and transmitted by the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes.
In the left panel of the slide,
is an illustration of Anopheles gambiae,
one of the principal Malaria vectors in sub-Saharan Africa.
In the right panel, is an illustration of
the human stage of the Malaria parasite lifecycle.
After injection via the bite of an infected mosquito,
the parasite establishes a non-symptomatic infection in the liver.
Following several cycles of replication,
parasites are introduced into the circulating bloodstream where they
infect and destroy red blood cells resulting in disease.
Malaria is distributed across the world as illustrated on the map.
1:25
Malaria ranks in terms of morbidity and mortality,
among the most important infectious diseases of man.
Fifty percent of the world's population is at risk of infection.
There are 200 to 300 million cases annually,
resulting in roughly half a million deaths.
Eighty-five percent of these in
sub-Saharan Africa mostly in children under five and pregnant women.