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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- On the evolution of endothermy
- Endothermy/homeothermy evolution concomitants
- Cellular-molecular approach predicts endothermy
- Morbidity and mortality of preterm birth
- Neutral lipid trafficking: lipofibroblast to type II cell
- Tiktaalik (1)
- Evolution of PTHrP receptors
- From phylogeny/ontogeny to homeostasis & repair
- Chronic lung diseases - alveoli ‘simplification’
- Wnt/beta catenin pathway in IPF
- Functional genomic homology: SB and lung
- Top 50 enriched unigenes in the swimbladder
- PTHrP is necessary for normal lung development
- Stretch stimulates type II cell PTHrP expression
- Grobstein millipore experiment
- Functional homology: swim bladder and lung
- Post-hatching development of swim bladder
- Rotating wall vessel bioreactor
- PTHrP is sensitive to gravitational force (1)
- STS-58 “Rats in sapce”
- PTHrP is sensitive to gravitational force (2)
- Scap knockout mouse lung
- Tiktaalik: fossilized fish-tetrapod transition
- The origins of life
- Cholesterol as a "molecular fossil"
- Cellular evolution
- The unicellular phenotypes
- Why is a cellular approach to evolution important?
- Lung morphogenesis as cell-cell interactions
- Evolution of the lungs
- Lung physics 101
- Phanerozoic oxygen
- Oxygen/stretch and positive selection pressure
- Reducing lung biology to ‘first principles’
- Theorem
- Cell-cell signaling during lung morphogenesis
- Lung, pituitary & adrenal physiology integration (1)
- Lung, pituitary & adrenal physiology integration (2)
- Lung, pituitary & adrenal physiology integration (3)
- Phylogeny of surfactant lipid composition
- Phylogenetic parallelisms
- Lung PTHrP/R - other terrestrial exaptations
- Homologies interrelating skin and lung physiology
- Lung-brain molecular homology
- Alveolus/glomerulus functional molecular homology
- Tiktaalik (2)
Topics Covered
- Evolution of Endothermy
- PTHrP, Glucocorticoid and β-Adrenergic Receptor gene duplications
- Hypoxia integrates respiratory and endocrine systems
- Selection pressure for integrated physiology: lung, kidney, heart
- Ontogeny-phylogeny of lung cell evolution
- Swim bladder-lung functional homology
- PTHrP is stretch-regulated
- Chemiosmosis-homeostasis and the origins of life
- Vertical integration of the effect of cholesterol on homeostasis
- Cell-cell interactions and adaptation to oxygen
- Endothermy as exaptation of oxygen adaptation
- Physiologic homology based on cell-cell interactions
Talk Citation
Torday, J.S. (2016, April 27). On the utility of a mechanistic approach to physiology - the evolutionary origin of endothermy [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved October 11, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/SDER8806.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. John S. Torday has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
On the utility of a mechanistic approach to physiology - the evolutionary origin of endothermy
Published on April 27, 2016
33 min
Other Talks in the Series: Evolutionary Physiology
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
My name is John Torday.
I'm a Professor of
evolutionary medicine at UCLA.
This lecture is entitled
"The Evolutionary Origin
of Endothermy"
as Integrated Physiology.
0:11
The evolution of endothermy
is considered to be
a watershed
in vertebrate history,
yet it is poorly understood
at best.
It has arisen in mammals
and birds
and is conventionally thought of
as having occurred
as a consequence
of muscle generating heat.
The aerobic capacity model
has gained acceptance,
according to which selection
for metabolic demand
has led to increased metabolism
and accidentally, to endothermy
as a consequence.
However, the cellular
molecular approach
to the evolution
of visceral organs
in adaptation to land,
provides a mechanistic continuum
of adaptive events,
both ontogenetically
and phylogenetically,
offering a novel testable
and refutable approach
to how and why
endothermy evolved.
0:56
It should be kept in mind
that birds and mammals
are both endothermic
and share a number of
physiologic characteristics.
Highly specialized lungs
with expanded
pulmonary capacities
and ventilation rates.
Fully separated pulmonary
and systemic circulatory
systems,
expanded cardiac output.
The last two traits
of the direct result
is the duplication
of the beta-adrenergic receptor
during the water land
transition.
These physiologic traits
fostered the highly
specialized lungs.
1:27
Based on the cellular molecular
approach to endothermy,
phylogenetically,
ontogenetically,
and functionally,
endothermy can be understood
as a consequence of interactions
between the respiratory,
neuroendocrine
and metabolic systems
during the water to land
transition.
The effect of adrenaline
on endothermy
is consistent
with the duplication
of the beta-adrenergic receptor
during the water-land transition
fostering
the independent regulation
of blood pressure in the lung
and non-lung circulations.
Independent regulation
of blood pressure in the lung
and non-lung circulation,
complimented by the role
of the beta-adrenergic receptor
in adrenaline stimulated
fatty acid release
from fat pads causing
increased metabolic rate.
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