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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Outline
- The human genome sequence: almost 15 years ago
- Reduction of sequencing costs
- Next-generation DNA sequencing
- SNP array genotyping
- Accessing the genome
- Interpreting the genome
- DNA polymorphisms & population genetics
- Dispersal of modern humans out of Africa
- Continental patterns of genetic variation in Native Americans
- Single ancestral population from Meso-America southward
- Ancient DNA studies in the Americas
- Shared component from Mesoamerica southward
- Outline: genetic ancestry in Mexico
- Native Mexican diversity project
- North-South gradient of differentiation and high Fst values
- Relatedness network as measured by IBD sharing
- Recent human migrations and population admixture
- Studying the Mexican Mestizo population
- Population Substructure of Ancestral components (1)
- Population Substructure of Ancestral components (2)
- Ancestry-specific PCA (ASPCA) (1)
- Correlation with geography within Europe
- European reference panel for ASPCA
- ASPCA of Mexican - derived European haplotypes
- Native American patterns of variation recapitulate geography
- Outline: genetic diversity of The Caribbean
- The Caribbean: complex demographic history
- Approaches to reconstruct pre-Columbian Taino diversity
- Caribbean genomes: SNP array data
- Global ancestry: continental-level origin
- Caribbean ASPCA
- Additional drift in the European component of Caribbean-descent genomes
- S. American origin of indigenous Caribbean components (1)
- S. American origin of indigenous Caribbean components (2)
- Ancestry tract length and time since admixture
- Tract Length Analysis
- Evidence for two pulses of African migrants in the islands
- African pulses coincide with slave trade timeline
- Short vs. long tracts of African ancestry
- African pulses originated in different regions within Africa
- Outline: S. America population structure
- South American population structure - general population
- South American population structure - native population
- South American population structure - country specific
- Acknowledgements
- Thank you
Topics Covered
- Methods to generate genomic data from human populations
- Continental patterns of genetic variation in Native Americans
- Mexican Diversity Project
- Ancestry-Specific PCA and subcontinental origin of haplotypes
- Ancestral genetic components of the Caribbean
- South American population structure
Talk Citation
Moreno-Estrada, A. (2015, March 18). Patterns of genetic variation and admixture in Latin America [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 6, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/ASAI5167.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Dr. Andrés Moreno-Estrada has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Patterns of genetic variation and admixture in Latin America
Published on March 18, 2015
40 min
Other Talks in the Series: Human Population Genetics II
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hi.
Welcome to the Henry Stewart
talks on population genetics.
Today, we're going to talk about
patterns of genetic variation
and admixture in Latin America.
My name is Andres Moreno-Estrada.
And I'm a research
associate in the Bustamante
Lab at Stanford Center
for Computational,
Evolutionary, and Human Genomics.
0:17
In the first slide, you will
see an outline of the subject
that we'll be covering today.
After an introduction, I will talk
about patterns of genetic diversity
in Mexico, and then
the Caribbean region,
and finally a little bit about
South American population structure.
0:32
To start, I would like to
refer to this milestone
that everybody is familiar with.
The sequencing of the human genome
took place almost 50 years ago now,
and after that, a huge
amount of research
has been going on in
genomics in general.
And in our case, as in many
other fields within genomics,
I think this has been one
of the greatest motivations
to start studying the
diversity of the human genome.
So this is, of course,
the reference genome.
But after that, many,
many other genomes
have been sequenced, human
and non-human, for example.
1:05
If we see a curve of the sequencing
costs that have been occurring
in the past 15 years, we see
a dramatic drop, as discussed,
as the technologies have advanced.
After the introduction of the
next-generation sequencing platform
around 2008, we see a clear drop in
sequencing costs, which has allowed
the volume of data being
generated by these patterns
to increase more and more.
1:30
So for example, one of the most
popular platforms for sequencing
is the so-called high throughput
sequencing platform machines.
As we can see in this
diagram, we start
from DNA extracted from cells.
And then we put them in flow
cells, which basically sequence
in parallel thousands and
millions of reads that then
gets inputted into the machine.
And then we can read out the data.
It's not all about sequencing.
Actually, the fact of
sequencing new genomes
allows us to detect
variance that are actually
the positions that we care about.
And finally, also,
some other technologies
have been developed to only
analyze that set of positions
of the genome, which is
a case of the technology