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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Overview: background
- Overview: recent discovery
- Lets get started
- Overview: definitions
- Polyploidy
- Significance of polyploidy
- Polyploid products
- Success of the tetraploids: size matters
- Broader systematic importance
- Broader systematic importance: more examples
- Extent of polyploidy: examples
- Ophioglossum
- Overview: formation
- Formation: simplistic view
- Unreduced gametes
- Formation: polyploidy as instant speciation
- Polyploidy: traditional views
- Traditional views replaced by new paradigm
- Genome sequence of Arabidopsis
- Polyploidy in all sequenced angiosperm genomes
- Amborella evolutionary reference genome
- Ancient polyploidy
- Pre-angiosperm WGD confirmed
- Ancient "hexaploidy" in eudicots
- Ancient polyploidy in angiosperms
- Polyploidy in the flowering plants
- Questions
- Nine successful whole genome duplications
- Delay in elevated net diversification
- Autopolyploids are common
- Autopolyploidy in the angiosperms
- Autopolyploidy in Tolmiea menziesii
- What would Darwin do?
- Autopolyploidy in cryptic species
- Polyploid species: more than one origin
- Tragopogon: a North American success story
- Quotations from Marion Ownbey (1950)
- The Tragopogon triangle
- A text book example of polyploidy
- Molecular markers: origins of species
- The Arctic: multiple origins on a broad scale
- Polyploids as evolutionarily dynamic
- Cotton
- Brassica napus
- Well known polyploid models are "old"
- Polyploidy in compositae: ancient to recent
- Compositae: ancient polyploidy
- Convergent gene fates at deep levels
- Return to the Tragopogon triangle
- Questions regarding multiple origins of polyploids
- Is evolution predictable?
- Repeated evolution
- Define homeolog
- One at a time gene approach
- Genomics approach
- Homeolog loss: populations of separate origin
- Homeolog loss: natural vs. synthetic
- Tissue-specific expression of homeologs
- Genome in situ hybridization (GISH)
- Compensated aneuploids
- Chromosomal big picture summary
- Summary: does evolution repeat itself?
- There may be some rules to polyploidy
- What drives these patterns?
- The dynamic nature of polyploidy
- Thanks
- Acknowledgements
- Tragopogon ski team
- Tragopogon
Topics Covered
- Polyploidy: traditional views and new paradigm
- Success of the tetraploids: size matters
- Ancient polyploidy and "hexaploidy"
- Autopolyploids vs. allopolyploids
- Origins of polyploid species
- Polyploids as evolutionarily dynamic
- Predictable and repeated evolution
- Defining homeologs and homeolog loss
- Tissue-specific expression of homeologs
- Aneuploidy and its compensation
Talk Citation
Soltis, D. (2013, December 1). One plus one is better than two: genome doubling in flowering plants [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 8, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/YCNL8350.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Doug Soltis has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
A selection of talks on Plant & Animal Sciences
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hi, I'm Doug Soltis from
the University of Florida.
And today we're going to talk about
polyploidy, or genome doubling,
in flowering plants and show that
one plus one is better than two.
0:12
So let's start with some background.
We'll start with definitions:
what is genome doubling
or polyploidy,
define autopolyploids
versus allopolyploids, the
importance of polyploidy,
and then a bit about the
formation of polyploids.
0:30
After that background, we want to
overview some recent discoveries
in the field of genome doubling.
We'll reconsider some of
the traditional tenets
of polyploid evolution, looking
at the frequency of polyploidy,
polyploidy and its role
in diversification,
the importance of autoployploidy.
We'll talk about the multiple
origins of polyploids,
and then finally, discuss
polyploids as genomically
dynamic organisms, looking
at genomic expression,
chromosomal changes, and what we
can learn from the study of recently
formed polyploid species.
1:07
So let's get started.
Are you ready?
1:12
So let's begin with some
definitions as background,
and then from there,
we'll move quickly
into the importance of polyploidy.
1:22
As a simple definition, a
diploid nucleus contains
two copies of each chromosome,
but in a polyploid, the
nucleus contains three
or more copies of each chromosome.
Generally, two types of
polyploids are recognized,
autopolyploids and allopolyploids.
Autopolyploids generally
form from a single species.
You could imagine two diploid
populations of the same species.
Perhaps they hybridize,
chromosome doubling occurs,
and you end up with
an autopolyploid.
In an allopolyploid,
now we're dealing
with two closely related
species, diploid species A
and B. Imagine that they hybridize.
And here the chromosomes
are even color coded
so that you can tell them apart.
Again, the chromosome
number is doubled,
and we end up with an
allopolyploid with 20
chromosomes in this example.