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Welcome to this lecture on
histone modifications
and epigenetics,
providing an overview of
the structure and
function of nucleosomes,
the main types of
histone modifications,
and how these chemical changes
influence chromatin structure
and gene expression as part
of epigenetic regulation.
We will explore the concept
of the histone code,
its role in cellular memory,
and its impact on development
and differentiation.
Additionally, the
lecture will discuss
the significance of histone
modifications in disease,
particularly cancer,
and highlight
the therapeutic potential of
targeting histone
modifying enzymes.
At the core of eukaryotic
chromatin lies the nucleosome,
a structure of 146 base pairs of
DNA wrapped around an
optima of histone proteins.
Two, each of H two A,
H two, B, H three and H four.
These highly conserved
histones are fundamental.
Histone tail domains projecting
outward undergo
extensive post
translational modification,
acting as dynamic
platforms for signaling.
Nucleosome
modifications influence
DNA accessibility
and gene expression,
central to epigenetic
regulation.
The main chemical
modifications on histones are
acetylation, methylation,
and phosphorylation.
Acetylation occurs
on lysine residues
via histone acetyl transferases,
promoting open chromatin
and gene activation.
Methylation affects lysines
and argenans with its effect,
activation or silencing,
depending on residue and state.
Phosphorylation of
serine and threonine
