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Welcome to this lecture on
transcription factors
and enhancers,
providing an overview of
the fundamental roles of
transcription factors
and enhancers in regulating
gene expression and
cellular identity.
We will discuss how
transcription factors
act as gene switches,
binding to DNA and
recruiting coactivators
or corepressors while
enhancers facilitate
communication between
distant DNA regions to
boost transcription.
The significance of
these interactions
in development, disease,
and modern research
techniques for
mapping gene regulation
will be highlighted.
Finally, we will explore
how this knowledge opens
new avenues for understanding
and treating genetic disorders.
Transcription
factors are proteins
that regulate gene expression,
acting as master switches to
control which genes are turned
on or off in our cells.
They bind to specific
DNA sequences
called response elements,
often near promoter regions.
Transcription factors mediate
responses to
developmental signals,
environmental cues, and
physiological states.
Enhancers are DNA elements
that increase transcription,
even from great distances.
Disruption of these
systems can lead to
diseases like cancer and
developmental disorders.
Transcription factors have
distinct domains that bind
specific DNA motifs and
recruit coactivators
or corepressors.
Activators recruit the
transcription machinery,
including RNA polymerase two
and general
transcription factors,
enhancing transcription
initiation.
