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The topic of neoplasia
will be explored
through the definition and
development of neoplasia,
distinguishing between
benign and malignant tumors
and the significance of
dysplasia and invasive cancer.
We will examine the genetic
and environmental factors
that drive malignant
transformation,
as well as the importance
of tumor grading and
staging for prognosis
and treatment.
The lecture will also highlight
the clinical impact of
neoplasms and review
diagnostic techniques,
including recent advances
in molecular testing.
Understanding these
concepts is fundamental for
effective cancer prevention,
diagnosis and therapy.
Neoplasia means new
growth and refers to
the abnormal proliferation of
cells forming a
neoplasm or tumor.
Normally, cell growth is tightly
regulated for tissue integrity,
but neoplasms arise
when this control
fails and cells multiply
uncontrollably,
independent of normal signals.
The result is enlarged,
structurally abnormal tissue,
lacking normal function.
Unlike other tissue
enlargements,
neoplasia involves clones of
cells with altered genetics.
Neoplasms are broadly
classified as benign or
malignant based on their
behavior and characteristics.
Benign neoplasms closely
resemble normal tissue,
grow slowly and in
an organized manner,
and generally remain localized,
not invading or spreading
to distant sites.
Malignant neoplasms or cancers
contain cells less like
their tissue of origin,
often grow rapidly, invade
adjoining structures,
