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1. Evolution of mammal epigenetic control systems
2. Epigenetic systems in mammals
3. How and why did these systems evolve?
4. Genome evolution
5. Vertebrate relationships
6. Genomic imprinting
7. When did imprinting evolve?
8. Imprinting arose repeatedly
9. What did imprinting evolve from?
10. Why imprinting?
11. Why did imprinting evolve?
12. X-chromosome inactivation
13. X inactivation - changes
14. Human sex chromosomes
15. Evolution of X inactivation
16. Evolution of the X and Y
17. Spread of XCI
18. Building blocks of the X
19. Ancient and added regions of the human X
20. Human X genes mapped in chicken
21. Region-specific XCI evolution
22. Steps in inactivation of a gene
23. Evolution of XCI mechanism
24. Do birds have XCI?
25. Do platypus have XCI?
26. Platypus sex chromosomes - 5X and 5Y
27. Do platypus have XCI?
28. Do kangaroos have XCI?
29. XCI appeared 180-210 MYA
30. Evolution of molecular changes
31. DNA methylation of marsupial X?
32. Histone acetylation and marsupial XCI
33. Evolution of control of XCI
34. Evolution of XIST control
35. Paternal (imprinted) XCI
36. Evolution of random XCI
37. How is paternal XCI set up?
38. X leads the way in marsupial sperm
39. X leads the way in platypus sperm
40. c.f. random order in chicken sperm
41. Evolution of XIST
42. Do platypus have XIST?
43. Stepwise evolution of XCI
44. XCI mechanism built up in steps
45. Evolution of imprinting and XCI
46. Relationship between genomic imprinting and XCI?
47. Conclusions

Topics Covered

• How, when and why did epigenetic silencing evolve in mammals?
• examination of two mammal-specific systems, genomic imprinting and X-chromosome inactivation, from an evolutionary standpoint, using comparisons between humans, distantly related mammals (marsupials and monotremes) and other vertebrates
• independent evolution of imprinting in different genomic regions and correlation with evolution of viviparity
• step-wise evolution of the elements of the complex X-chromosome inactivation mechanism
• shared features of imprinting and X-inactivation

Links

Series:

• Epigenetics

Categories:

• Biochemistry
• Cell Biology
• Genetics & Epigenetics

Talk Citation

Publication History

• Published on October 1, 2007
• Archived on October 16, 2017

Financial Disclosures

• Prof. Jenny Graves has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.