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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Old chemists never die they just reach equilibrium
- How do we define stress?
- Chloroplasts are particularly sensitive to stress
- Coupling of the light and dark reactions
- Uncoupling of the light and dark reactions
- Conditions that disrupt the light-dark coupling
- Drought stress
- Heat stress
- Various conditions disrupting chloroplast function
- Production of singlet oxygen
- Production of superoxide radicals
- What are ROS?
- ROS chemistry
- ROS function during stress
- Chloroplast reaction mechanisms to stress
- Adjustment of light-harvesting antenna size
- A model for the state transition
- Light thermal dissipation using NPQ pathway
- Scheme of the qE quenching mechanism
- Photoprotection through photochemistry
- Cyclic electron flow: occurs at PSI and PSII
- Cyclic electron flow scheme
- Water-water cycle
- Photorespiration
- Over-reduction of the photosynthetic appartus
- Alternative oxidase
- Summary of the flow of events in the chloroplast
- Scavenging of ROS as a last line of defense
- The ROS scavenging network complexity
- The ROS network
- ROS mutants
- ROS signal transduction
- Summary of the ROS signal transduction pathway
- Chloroplast/nuclei communication
- The chloroplast-nuclei signaling pathway
- Examples of ROS as signals during stress
- Induction of APX2-LUC and APX2
- PQ pool: a critical signal for APX2 regulation
- Singlet oxygen as a signal
- Executer1 blocks signaling by singlet oxygen
- Pathways activated by ROS
- Chloroplast/cytosol communication in K/O APX1
- H2O2 accumulation and protein oxidation
- How can we explain the results?
- Chloroplast sensitivity to external H2O2 application
- APX1 can modulate the level of hydrogen peroxide
- Summary of defense mechanisms
- Chloroplasts protection from stress
- Anatomical adaptations in Retama raetam
- Chloroplast movement
- Summary
- Selected reviews on the subject
Topics Covered
- Environmental factors such as heat, drought or salinity can cause cell injury and death of plants
- Within cells, chloroplasts contain many different mechanisms that enable them to cope with harsh environmental conditions and reduce risk associated with accumulation of toxic reactive oxygen species
Talk Citation
Mittler, R. (2007, October 1). Responses of chloroplasts to stress conditions [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved August 16, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/DZUL7148.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Dr. Ron Mittler has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.