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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- What is RNA editing?
- Content of lecture
- Does RNA editing resemble RNA splicing?
- Group I intron splicing: transesterification
- tRNA splicing: enzyme cascade
- Paramyxovirus mRNA editing
- Paramyxovirus mRNA editing stuttering model
- Mitochondria and plastids RNA editing
- RNA editing in plant mitochondria and plastids
- RNA editing mechanism
- Mammalian mRNA editing
- Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing
- Model for the apolipoprotein B editing site
- Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs)
- Editing of the serotonin receptor in mammals
- Slime mold RNA editing
- RNA editing events in Physarum
- RNA editing in Physarum is extremely accurate
- Kinetoplastid mRNA editing
- Kinetoplast - the trypanosome mitochondrial DNA
- Maxicircles encodes mitochondrial components
- The discovery of RNA editing: COII gene
- The discovery of RNA editing: COII mRNA
- Cytochrome oxidase III gene
- Edited mRNA: cytochrome oxidase III
- Many maxicircle genes are incomplete
- Editing is an RNA repair process
- Trypanosome minicircles are transcribed
- Minicircles transcripts guide RNA editing
- Anatomy of a guide RNA
- RNA editing proceeds 3' to 5' (1)
- The mechanism of trypanosome RNA editing
- Kinetoplastid RNA editing proteins
- Assembly of the active editosome
- RNA editing and the trypanosome life cycle
- Cytochrome oxidase III
- RNA editing proceeds 3' to 5' (2)
- ORFs within COIII cDNAs suggest AEPs presence
- Alternatively edited protein-1 is mitochondrial
- Alternative RNA editing generates protein diversity
- AEP-1 - flagellum/kinetoplast structure association
- Trypanosome specialized alternative edited protein
- A few observations about RNA editing
Topics Covered
- Diversity of RNA editing
- Nucleotide deaminase reactions
- Enzyme mediated cascades
- Small guiding RNA
- Alternative RNA editing
Talk Citation
Hajduk, S. (2016, January 19). RNA editing: changing the code in plants, animals and parasites [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 3, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/TRJK2477.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Stephen Hajduk has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
RNA editing: changing the code in plants, animals and parasites
A selection of talks on Cell Biology
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello. I'm Steve Hajduk.
Today's lecture is on RNA editing.
0:06
So what exactly is RNA editing?
RNA editing was first described in 1986 by Rob Bennie and coworkers.
In studies on African trypanosomes,
they found that some messenger RNAs differed from
their genes that encoded them by the insertion of nucleotides.
These insertions led to changes in the coding potential for those messenger RNAs.
Since that initial discovery,
RNA editing has been described in a wide range of organisms and
very diverse mechanisms can lead to changes in the RNA transcripts.
RNA editing has only been found in eukaryotes.
0:41
In the lecture today, I'll give you a brief overview of some of
the diverse mechanisms which have evolved in eukaryotes to generate edited RNAs.
The bulk of the lecture, however,
will focus on the mechanism, the origin,
and the function of RNA editing in African trypanosomes.
These are the same organisms that Rob Bennie and
coworkers were studying when they first discovered RNA editing.
In the lecture, I'll give you a brief overview of
some more conventional RNA processing reactions,
these are RNA splicing reactions,
and I'll contrast these to the mechanisms used in RNA editing.
Then I'll go through and systematically describe RNA editing in
a number of different organisms including paramyxovirus,
slime molds, plants, mammals and again the kinetoplastids or the trypanosomes.
1:31
RNA editing and RNA splicing are superficially quite similar.
The final products are RNA molecules which differ from the genes that encode the RNAs.
And there are some overall similarities: messenger RNAs, tRNAs,
ribosomal RNAs can all be substrates for editing and for splicing.
Alternative mRNA splicing and editing generate protein diversity.
Splicing and editing are both developmentally regulated processes.
However, there's a number of very fundamental differences.
First, splicing removes RNA sequences encoded by the gene.
Editing changes or adds the information encoded by the gene.
Splicing of an RNA is often RNA catalyzed whereas,
RNA editing is always protein catalyzed.
The first form of RNA splicing described was a group I intron.