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Hello, everyone. My name
is Dr. Sarah Fouch.
Within this recording
we will be considering
Mycobacterium tuberculosis or as
many of us refer to this as TB.
We will be thinking
about the areas
of the body that TB can
affect and also the problems
that are associated
with a TB infection.
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TB has been a problem for
a long period of time.
The first thing we
always think about when
we're considering
TB is pulmonary TB.
But hopefully by the end
of this presentation,
you will realise
that TB can also
cause problems in other
areas of the body.
TB has been a problem since
the 18th century when we
had an epidemic of TB.
But interestingly,
now we are seeing
a re-emergence of
this old disease.
Even when we think about
the early 20th century
up until now, really, this
is a major cause of death.
When we think about TB,
there are two organisms within
the mycobacteria class that
are particularly problematic
and these two organisms are
Mycobacterium tuberculosis or
TB and Mycobacterium bovis,
and this causes bovine TB.
I think it's also important
that we consider some
of the other types of
Mycobacterium very quickly
here and good examples are
Mycobacterium avium,
Mycobacterium kansasii,
Mycobacterium africanum and
Mycobacterium abscessus.
These are more
opportunistic pathogens.
If we think about the
patient demographic today
and we think about
the differences
between the 18th
century and today,
we have a lot more
immunocompromised patients
surviving, if we think
about the rise in HIV,
obviously, these opportunistic
environmental strains
of Mycobacterium
are able to take
advantage of the patient's
depleted immune system
and obviously, the
patient's immune system
cannot fight the infection.
When we think about
these environmental
opportunistic strains,
we also have to think about
Mycobacterium marinum.
This is associated with
marine water and can cause
quite nasty skin lesions.
When we think about TB,
