• Origins, Diversity and Persistence
• 51 min
  1. Plastid structure: development and differentiation

  • Dr. Kevin Pyke
• 43 min
  2. Origin and molecular evolution of the plastid

  • Prof. Debashish Bhattacharya
• 50 min
  3. The chloroplast genome and chloroplast gene expression

  • Prof. Christopher Howe
• 41 min
  4. Regulation of chloroplast gene expression: light activated translation

  • Prof. Stephen Mayfield
• 41 min
  5. Protein synthesis in plastids

  • Dr. William Zerges
• 43 min
  6. The chloroplast proteome

  • Dr. Julian Whitelegge
• 35 min
  7. Protein import into chloroplasts

  • Dr. Ute Vothknecht
• 45 min
  8. Assembly of the photosynthesis apparatus

  • Prof. J. Kenneth Hoober
• 26 min
  9. Plastid senescence

  • Prof. Howard Thomas
• Biosynthetic Support of the Biosphere
• 40 min
  10. Photosynthesis: energy capture

  • Prof. Robert Blankenship
• 27 min
  11. Photosynthesis: carbon assimilation

  • Prof. Richard Leegood
• 21 min
  12. Regulation of photosynthetic carbon metabolism

  • Prof. Louise Anderson
• 42 min
  13. Pigments: chlorophyll and its synthesis

  • Prof. Wolfhart Rudiger
• 34 min
  14. Carotenoid functions and other isoprenoids in plants

  • Prof. Elisabeth Gantt
• 30 min
  15. Chloroplast lipid biosynthesis

  • Prof. Christoph Benning
• 31 min
  16. Amino acid synthesis in chloroplasts

  • Prof. Peter Lea
  • Prof. Paulo Mazzafera
  • Dr. Ricardo Azevedo
• 53 min
  17. Responses of chloroplasts to stress conditions

  • Dr. Ron Mittler
• 67 min
  18. Chloroplast genetic engineering

  • Prof. Henry Daniell
• Archived Lectures *These may not cover the latest advances in the field
• 36 min
  19. The chloroplast genome and chloroplast gene expression

  • Prof. Christopher Howe

Printable Handouts

PDF

Navigable Slide Index

1. Introduction
2. Old chemists never die they just reach equilibrium
3. How do we define stress?
4. Chloroplasts are particularly sensitive to stress
5. Coupling of the light and dark reactions
6. Uncoupling of the light and dark reactions
7. Conditions that disrupt the light-dark coupling
8. Drought stress
9. Heat stress
10. Various conditions disrupting chloroplast function
11. Production of singlet oxygen
12. Production of superoxide radicals
13. What are ROS?
14. ROS chemistry
15. ROS function during stress
16. Chloroplast reaction mechanisms to stress
17. Adjustment of light-harvesting antenna size
18. A model for the state transition
19. Light thermal dissipation using NPQ pathway
20. Scheme of the qE quenching mechanism
21. Photoprotection through photochemistry
22. Cyclic electron flow: occurs at PSI and PSII
23. Cyclic electron flow scheme
24. Water-water cycle
25. Photorespiration
26. Over-reduction of the photosynthetic appartus
27. Alternative oxidase
28. Summary of the flow of events in the chloroplast
29. Scavenging of ROS as a last line of defense
30. The ROS scavenging network complexity
31. The ROS network
32. ROS mutants
33. ROS signal transduction
34. Summary of the ROS signal transduction pathway
35. Chloroplast/nuclei communication
36. The chloroplast-nuclei signaling pathway
37. Examples of ROS as signals during stress
38. Induction of APX2-LUC and APX2
39. PQ pool: a critical signal for APX2 regulation
40. Singlet oxygen as a signal
41. Executer1 blocks signaling by singlet oxygen
42. Pathways activated by ROS
43. Chloroplast/cytosol communication in K/O APX1
44. H2O2 accumulation and protein oxidation
45. How can we explain the results?
46. Chloroplast sensitivity to external H2O2 application
47. APX1 can modulate the level of hydrogen peroxide
48. Summary of defense mechanisms
49. Chloroplasts protection from stress
50. Anatomical adaptations in Retama raetam
51. Chloroplast movement
52. Summary
53. Selected reviews on the subject

Topics Covered

• Environmental factors such as heat, drought or salinity can cause cell injury and death of plants
• Within cells, chloroplasts contain many different mechanisms that enable them to cope with harsh environmental conditions and reduce risk associated with accumulation of toxic reactive oxygen species

Links

Series:

• Chloroplast

Categories:

• Biochemistry
• Cell Biology
• Plant & Animal Sciences

Talk Citation

Publication History

• Published on October 1, 2007

Financial Disclosures

• Dr. Ron Mittler has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.