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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Overview
- Incidence of epilepsy by age
- Seizure vs. Nonepileptic Paroxysmal Event
- Nonepileptic Paroxysmal Events
- Provoked seizures: febrile seizures
- Unprovoked seizures or epilepsy
- Why is classification of epilepsy important?
- Classification of the epilepsies
- ILAE 2017 classification of seizure types expanded version
- Epilepsy type
- Epilepsy syndrome
- Childhood Absence Epilepsy
- EEG in CAE
- Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
- EEG in JME
- Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes
- EEG in CECTS
- Infantile Spasms Syndrome
- Hypsarrhythmia on Interictal EEG
- Lennox Gastaut Syndrome
- EEG in LGS
- Epileptic Encephalopathy with CSWS
- EEG in EE-CSWS
- Etiologies: genetic
- Genetic testing in early life epilepsy
- Actionable genetic causes
- Etiologies: structural
- 12-month-old Evan
- Etiologies: Metabolic
- Actionable metabolic causes
- Etiologies: infectious
- Etiologies: immune
- Etiologies: unknown
- Comorbidities
- Treatment of childhood epilepsy: education
- Treatment: prophylactic medication
- Commonly used first-line medications
- Managing the child on ASMs
- Prophylactic ASMs: duration of treatment
- Treatment: rescue plan
- Rescue plan
- Treatment: managing comorbidities
- Managing comorbidities
- Prognosis
- Prognosis (2)
- Conclusions
Topics Covered
- Incidence of childhood epilepsy
- Making a diagnosis of epilepsy
- Classification of different epilepsy syndromes
- Etiologies of epilepsy
- Treatment of childhood epilepsy
- Prognosis
Links
Series:
Categories:
Therapeutic Areas:
Talk Citation
Wirrell, E. (2021, May 30). Epilepsy in children [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved October 8, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/KBYV5988.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- There are no commercial/financial matters to disclose.
A selection of talks on Neuroscience
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello, my name is Elaine Wirrell.
I am the Director of Pediatric Epilepsy at
Mayo Clinic and a professor of neurology there.
I'm going to talk to you today on epilepsy in children.
0:13
Today we will review, first of all,
how we make a diagnosis of epilepsy in children,
specifically differentiating a seizure from a non-epileptic paroxysmal event.
If it is a seizure, we'll talk about the importance of
distinguishing between provoked versus unprovoked seizures.
Also the importance of looking carefully for other seizures in a child who presents with
an alleged first seizure, to determine if that child is
actually presenting with epilepsy versus a single seizure.
We'll talk about how we classify epilepsy, and why it is important to do so.
We will address treatment of seizures in children, and finally, prognosis.
0:53
Epilepsy is a very common neurological disorder in children.
This is work from Dr. Hauser, you can see that
the incidence of epilepsy is U-shaped
so it is highest at both ends of life, in childhood as well as in the elderly.
This is a study that looked at the incidence of
epilepsy in childhood, a population-based study.
The incidence of epilepsy is
significantly higher in the first year of life,
specifically even in the first six months of life, than later on.
Infancy is a very high-prevalence time for the diagnosis of epilepsy.
1:31
It's important to distinguish between a non-epileptic paroxysmal event and a seizure.
Studies have shown that approximately one in
four children who are referred with an alleged first seizure,
did not have a seizure after they were seen by a neurologist.
We do not have a gold-standard test,
the most critical aspect in making a correct diagnosis of epilepsy is a detailed history.
It's important to get that history from the child,
many times children as young as 3 or 4 can give
very important information that can help us in making a correct diagnosis.
It's also very important to get that history from the witness to the event,
which may or may not be the parent.
If a child has had an event at school or an event at day-care,
it's important to call the teacher or
the day-care provider to elicit what they saw.
The other thing that I find very helpful in making a correct diagnosis, in
addition to having the parent or caregiver or witness describe to you what they saw,
is asking them to mime the event.
Oftentimes they'll do things like turn their head, or show
some dystonic posturing that they may not be able to put into words.