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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Inroduction
- Autism and the broad autism phenotype
- Kanner’s first case study: Donald T.
- Personality similarities in family members
- “The fathers of autistic children”
- The broad autism phenotype (BAP)
- How are BAP traits conceptualized?
- Why study the BAP?
- No standardized criteria for measuring the BAP
- Social cognition, social skill and the BAP (1)
- Social cognition, social skill and the BAP (2)
- Content and function of interests in the BAP
- Population-based study of the BAP
- BAP prevalence
- How many BAP features?
- BAP: family patterns
- Are PCA couples more likely to consist of one or two BAP+ parents?
- BAP+ PCAs have kids with greater symptom severity than those who are BAP-
- Accuracy of self vs. informant report of the BAP?
- How well do self and informant report agree?
- Agreement between self and informant-report
- What underlies the pattern of selective disagreement for BAP+ self-reporters?
- Prevalence from self vs. informant report
- Interpretation
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
Topics Covered
- History of the Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) concept
- Contemporary conceptualizations
- How and for what purpose we measure the BAP
- The BAP in the general population: associations with social cognition, social skill, and types of interests
- The prevalence of BAP in parents of children on the spectrum
- The association between BAP in parents and clinical symptoms in their children
- Differences between self-report and informant-reports of BAP traits
- General conclusions about the BAP
Links
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Talk Citation
Sasson, N.J. (2020, February 27). The broad autism phenotype [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 6, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/BUBY6159.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Noah J. Sasson has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
A selection of talks on Clinical Practice
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello, my name is Noah Sasson.
I'm an Associate Professor of Psychology at the University of Texas at Dallas.
My research examines mechanisms of social disability in autism.
Today I'm going to be talking about "The Broad Autism Phenotype",
which is generally defined as mild characteristics of
autism that don't meet the threshold for diagnosis.
0:22
So the concept of
the broad autism phenotype dates back to the earliest clinical descriptions of autism,
including Leo Kanner's seminal 1943 paper in which he presents
11 highly detailed case studies of children who he
described as having a "disturbance of affective contact".
So what he wrote in this paper is that "these children have come into the world with
an innate inability to form the usual
biologically provided affective contact with people,
just as other children come into the world with
innate physical or intellectual handicaps".
So he conceptualizes autism as primarily a social disorder,
but he also notes some non-social features as well,
such as repetitive behaviors,
fixated interests, and an insistence on sameness.
All of these characteristics, of course,
are reflected in the current diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5.
1:17
Kanner's first case study was a boy named Donald.
Kanner first observed Donald in 1938 when Donald was five years of age.
But what's very interesting about this case study is that
Kanner wasn't the first one to provide a detailed description of Donald.
Rather it was Donald's father who first wrote Kanner about his son and
described his behavior and tendencies with great acuity and specificity.
For instance, he wrote that,
"At one year, Donald could hum and sing many tunes accurately.
He very soon new an inordinate number of
pictures in a set of Compton's Encyclopedias.
He quickly learned the whole alphabet backwards and
as well as forwards and to count to 100,
but he was not learning to ask questions or answer questions.
He seemed to be self-satisfied.
He had no apparent affection when petted,
he does not notice when anyone comes or goes,
he seems to draw into his shell and live within himself.
When interfered with, he has temper tantrums during which he is destructive.
At two years, he developed a mania for spinning blocks and pans and other round objects."
So Kanner noted that this 33-page letter sent by the father was full
of "obsessive detail" and described the father as successful,
meticulous, hardworking, who takes everything very seriously.
"When he walks down the street,
he's so absorbed in thinking that he sees nothing and
nobody and cannot remember anything about the walk."
He also said, "There's a great deal of obsessiveness in the family background."