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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Tear film - function
- Components of the lacrimal apparatus
- Objectives
- TFOS DEWS II report
- TFOS DEWS II report (member countries)
- TFOS DEWS II report summary
- What is dry eye?
- Revised definition of dry eye disease
- Classification of dry eye disease (1)
- Classification of dry eye disease (2)
- Who is affected by dry eye?
- Epidemiology
- Impact on quality of life
- Why does dry eye develop?
- The complexity of dry eye disease
- When is dry eye diagnosed?
- What is the purpose of a diagnosis?
- Dry eye testing
- Sensitivity and specificity of the tests
- Key diagnostic criteria
- Diagnosing dry eye (1)
- History and symptoms
- Diagnosing dry eye (Triaging)
- Triaging questions
- Diagnosing dry eye (Risk factors)
- Risk factor questions
- Diagnosing dry eye (Diagnostic tests)
- Screening diagnostic tests: symptoms
- Symptom assessment
- Screening diagnostic tests: homeostasis markers
- Tear stability
- Osmolarity
- Ocular surface staining:
- Subtype classification
- Aqueous deficient dry eye disease: diagnostics
- Evaporative dry eye disease: diagnostics
- Diagnostic videos
- How is dry eye managed?
- Summary & recommendations
- Staged management algorithm
- Talk summary
Topics Covered
- Function of the tear film
- TFOS DEWS II report
- Definition and classification of dry eye disease
- Epidemiology of dry eye disease
- Pathophysiology of dry eye disease
- Available diagnostic methodology
- Management and Therapy of dry eye disease
Talk Citation
Wolffsohn, J. (2018, August 29). Dry eye disease [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 6, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/ZHWL9513.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. James Wolffsohn has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Other Talks in the Series: Biology of the Eye
Transcript
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0:00
Welcome to this lecture on dry eyes.
My name is Professor James Wolffsohn.
I'm an Associate Pro-Vice Chancellor at Aston University in Birmingham,
and I've been a technician involved in dry eye and filming management for over 20 years,
with recent experience of chairing
the sub-committee of the Tear Film and Ocular Surface disease workshop on dry eye.
0:28
Despite being thinner than a human hair,
a tear film has multiple important properties.
First of all, it has optical properties.
It gives a smooth optical surface to the front of the eye, giving high-quality vision.
It provides nutrition, particularly to the cornea,
the window of the eye,
the clear tissue beneath it.
It also removes the waste products particularly cells from the epithelial surface.
It maintains the transparency of the cornea,
preventing it from breaking up,
which is called desiccation.
It also has mechanical properties to flush away any debris and lubricates,
and it also has antibacterial properties,
with components such as lysozyme,
lactoferin and immunoglobulins, which help to prevent eye infection.
1:18
In terms of components,
we can see it's a complex system.
We have various glands producing the various components of the tear film.
Principally, the top layer,
the lipid or oily layer,
which largely prevents evaporation and stabilizes the tear film,
comes from our meibomian glands along the lid margins,
but also the glands of Zeis and Moll.
The bulk of the tear film is the aqueous, the watery part,
and this mainly comes from the lacrimal gland,
but also from the accessory glands of Krause and Wolfring.
Then, our mucus phase,
what sticks the tear film to the ocular surface,
comes from the conjunctiva tissue.
The loose tissue over this area.
The white of the eye from the goblet cells and this is,
therefore, the final layer of the tear film.
As well as the production of the tear film,
we have the distribution of the tear film over the ocular surface with each blink,
and then the drainage of the tear film through the tear menisci,
mainly along the lower lid,
but also along the upper lid towards the nose,
and then the canaliculi,
and the puncta, down through the nasolacrimal canal into your nose.