Osteoarthritis

This presentation will examine osteoarthritis with a focus on the definition, pathological features, and causes of osteoarthritis, including both mechanical stress and inflammatory processes. We will discuss current treatment limitations, the lack of disease modifying therapies, and the reasons behind these challenges. The lecture will also highlight promising new therapeutic targets and research directions, as well as the importance of developing better biomarkers and outcome measures for improved diagnosis and treatment efficacy. Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder worldwide and a major cause of pain, disability, and reduced mobility, especially in older adults. Osteoarthritis or OA is characterized by the gradual deterioration and loss of articular cartilage in sovial joints. As cartilage breaks down, underlying bone can become exposed, thicken, and form osteophytes. OA also affects other joint tissues, including the synovium, mediscus and subchondrial bone in a complex process. The causes of osteoarthritis involve both mechanical and inflammatory factors. Mechanically excessive or abnormal loading from obesity, trauma or misalignment, stresses cartilage and joints with aging increasing vulnerability to damage. Inflammatory processes are also crucial. Low grade synovial inflammation, driven by cytokines like interleukin one beta and TNF Alpha, prompts chondrocytes to produce enzymes that degrade cartilage, disrupting joint tissue balance