Neurodevelopment and disorders

This talk introduces neurodevelopment and disorders, using it as a basis for further exploration of the stages and processes of neurodevelopment, including how genetic and environmental factors interact to shape the growing brain. We will discuss key milestones such as neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and critical periods of plasticity, and how disruptions can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders. The lecture will also examine the causes of these disorders and emphasize the importance of early identification and intervention. Finally, we will highlight how growing knowledge in this field offers opportunities for preventative measures and personalized care. Neurodevelopment is the process by which the brain grows and specializes, beginning at conception and continuing into early adulthood. It is shaped by both genetic and environmental influences. Early on, a fertilized egg becomes neural progenitor cells via cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The developing brain passes through key milestones, such as neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Plasticity or the brain's adaptability is fundamental and disruption can result in neurodevelopmental disorders. Brain development unfolds in organized stages, each with unique vulnerabilities and opportunities. Neurogenesis occurs during the early prenatal period, followed by neuronal migration as neurons settle in their locations. Synaptogenesis, the formation of synaptic connections, acceleratees after birth and peaks in early childhood.