Lysosomes and cellular digestion

This talk introduces lysosomes and cellular digestion, using it as a basis for further exploration of the fundamental structure and function of lysosomes, including their acidic environment, and the key enzymes responsible for cellular digestion and recycling. We will examine the main pathways delivering substrates to lysosomes, such as endocetosis, phagocetosis, and autology and discuss the role of MTR and TFEB in regulating these processes. The lecture will also address how lysosomal storage disorders arise from enzyme defects, leading to disease, and touch on therapeutic approaches. Finally, we will highlight the critical interplay between autology and lysosomal function in maintaining cellular health and preventing various diseases. We will explore the world of lysosomes and cellular digestion. Lysosomes are membrane bound organels in almost all animal cells, serving as the cells main catabolic compartments responsible for degrading and recycling biological macromolecules. Their interior is highly acidic around pH 4.5 to five maintained by the VATPAs which pumps protons in. The lysosomal membrane is rich in glycosylated proteins like lamps, protecting it from digestion. This acidity is essential for lysosomal enzymes to function effectively. Lysosomes contain about 50 different hydrolytic enzymes, collectively called lysosomal hydrolases, including proteases, nucleases, lipases,