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Biomedical Basics

Peroxisomes and detoxification

  • Created by Henry Stewart Talks
Published on November 30, 2025   4 min

A selection of talks on Cell Biology

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This session centers on peroxisomes and detoxification offering a structured look at the structure, functions and key enzymatic activities of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells. We will explore their essential roles in reactive oxygen species detoxification and lipid metabolism, including the breakdown of complex fatty acids and synthesis of ether phospholipids. The lecture will also discuss the interplay between peroxisomes and other organelles, their contribution to cellular homeostasis and the impact of peroxisomes dysfunction on human health. Peroxisomes are small membrane bound organelles found in almost all eukaryotic cells including animals and plants. Typically spherical, they have a single lipid bilayer surrounding a matrix rich in enzymes. Over 50 have been identified. Key among these is catalase which breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Peroxisomes also contain oxidases that generate hydrogen peroxide highlighting their dual role in both producing and neutralizing reactive oxygen species which is crucial for cellular health. Beyond their role in ROS detoxification, peroxisomes are key players in lipid metabolism, especially in the Beta oxidation of very long chain and branch chain fatty acids and unusual lipids. Unlike mitochondria, peroxisomes handle fatty acids that are too long or complex for mitochondrial Beta oxidation. In peroxisomes, fatty acids are shortened by removal of two carbon units,

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