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1. Introduction
2. Nervous systems evaluation
3. Looking at the right place
4. The brain is a heterogeneous tissue
5. General toxicology examination of the brain
6. Rules of thumb for sampling
7. Sectioning interval for 60 sections
8. Creating a sectioning scheme
9. Trimming scheme
10. The use of the trimming method
11. Trimming scheme - dog brain
12. Trimming scheme - rodent brain
13. The spinal cord
14. Looking at the right times
15. Each compound has its own cell death peak
16. Rat brain treated with MK801 (1)
17. Rat brain treated with MK801 (2)
18. The role of imaging in toxicology studies
19. Looking in the right way
20. Tissue changes are not created equal
21. Perfusion fixation
22. Neuronal necrosis stains
23. Cupric silver stain
24. Fluoro Jade B stain
25. IBA-1 stain
26. GFAP stain
27. Luxol fast blue vs. classic silver stain
28. Special procedures example
29. Comparison of embedding and staining techniques
30. Examples of high quality samples
31. Longitudinal nerve sections (1)
32. Longitudinal nerve sections (2)
33. Electron micrograph
34. Summary
35. Thank you and acknowledgements

Topics Covered

• Brain is a heterogeneous tissue: you must look at many sections
• Different toxicants affect different areas
• Timing is important but most cell death occurs early (1 to 4 days)
• Appropriate fixation is crucial
• Appropriate staining methods are necessary to detect changes in various cell types (neurons, glial cells)

Links

Series:

• Non-Clinical Testing for Toxicity of Pharmaceuticals

Categories:

• Neuroscience
• Pharmaceutical Sciences

Therapeutic Areas:

• Neurology

Talk Citation

Butt, M. (2009, July 30). Evaluation of the adult nervous system in preclinical studies [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved April 15, 2025, from https://doi.org/10.69645/AJCG4690.
Export Citation (RIS)

Publication History

• Published on July 30, 2009
• Archived on February 25, 2021

Financial Disclosures

• Dr. Mark Butt has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.